Green Plants Vocab Long

Gametophyte

Sporophyte

Spore

Seed

• haploid generation produces gametes

• diploid generation, produces spores

• meiotically produced haploid cell, divides mitotically to produce a plant

• embryo packaged with resources inside a protective coat

Cuticle

Stomata

Guard cells

• Waxy layer coating plant, reduces water loss

• small pore found in the epidermis (outer layer) of plant leaves, stems, and other organs used in gas exchange and water regulation

• opens and closes the stoma to regulate water and gas

4 Main walls in plants

• simple water conducting cell: elongated but lack much structural support, meaning they don’t have strong walls. (Mosses)

• First Vascular Tissue: have cellulose in their primary cell wall, but some of them start to add lignin, which is a tough material that adds strength and support, allowing the plant to grow taller. (seedless vascular plants)

• Tracheids: primary cell wall (with cellulose) and a secondary cell wall (with lignin), making them more rigid and able to support taller plants. Have pits for water flow (all vascular plants)

• Vessel Elements: have primary and secondary walls like the tracheids, but the ends of these cells are open, creating continuous tubes through which water can move much more efficiently. (Flowering plants)

– Alkaloids, terpenes, tannins

Flavonoids

Pollen

• Bade taste to deter herbivores

• absorbs harmful UV lights

• Allows sperm cells to travel to egg cells without water

Flowers

– Sporophyte structure which contain tiny gametophytes

Microspore

Stamen

anther

Pollen

• haploid spore that develops into a male gametophyte in plants.

• Male reproductive organs of a flower

• Part of the stamen that produces pollen

• contains sperm cells

Megaspore

Capel

Ovule

• haploid spore produced in the ovule

• female reproductive organ of a flower.

• Contains the megaspore that develops into the female gametophyte (embryo sac)

Fruit

• Structure derived from the ovary

• Encloses one or more seeds

• Not all are sweet

Saprophyte anatomy

– Foot: absorbs nutrients from gametophyte

– Seta: stalk, conducts nutrients to sporangia

– Sporangium: capsule, produces spores

• 1 capsule can produce 50+ million spores

Xylem

Phloem

• typically moves roots to leaves, carries water, cells called tracheids- dead when functional, lignified for support

• moves source to sink, sugar and nutrient conduction

Sporophyll

Sori

Strobili

• Modified leaves used adapted for producing sporangia

• sporophylls in Pterophyta (Fern)

• Strobili: sporophylls in Lycophyta (club mosses)

Homosporous

Heterosporous

• Producing one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte, common in many ferns.

• plants produce two distinct types of spores: megaspores and microspores. (common in flowering plants)

Monocot vs dicot

• Monocots are monophyletic

• Dicots are not