A and P 1: Chapter 24, 27, and 29

what are the 3 functions of ions

• -participate in metabolism

• -determine the electrical potential across membranes

• -affect osmolarity and water content/distribution

what is sodium’s ion symbol and where is it located

Na+ ECF

what is potassium’s ion symbol and where is it located

K+ ICF

what is calcium’s ion symbol and where is it located

Ca+2 ECF

what is magnesium’s ion symbol and where is it located

Mg+2 ICF

what is phosphate’s ion symbol and where is it located

P04 (down)4-3 ICF

what is chloride’s ion symbol and where is it located

Cl- ECF

what is bicarbonate’s ion symbol and where is it located

HCO3- ECF

how are fluid compartments split up

2/3 intracellular fluid 1/3 extracellular

how is extracellular fluid split up

80% interstitial and 20% plasma

what are the 2 types of saline

physiological (normal) and Ringer’s saline

what is normal saline made up of

9g of sodium chloride per L of water

when would ringer’s saline be used

in those with low blood volume/pressure

what 3 purposes does meiosis serve

1. reduces chromosomes from 46 to 23

2. randomly assigns genetic information from each parent (which ensures genetic variability)

3. produces 4 daughter cells

the parent cell in meiosis is a _____ which means it has 2 ____ while the daughter cells are ____ and have 1 _____. how many chromosomes do each have?

diploid, 2 nuclei, haploids,1 nucleus

parent cell has 46 while daughters have 23 each

what is the difference between meiosis and mitosis

mitosis ends with 2 daughter cells that are identical to the parent while meiosis ends with 4 daughter cells with ½ the chromosomes of the parent cell

what happens in prophase 1 of meiosis

crossing over genetic info through swapping parts of chromosomes in pairs called tetrads

what happens in metaphase of meiosis?

cells become haploid once they split

what is nondisjunction? what does it cause?

when a pair of chromosomes fail to separate: one cell gets 24 and the other gets 22

meiosis 1 vs. meiosis 2: nondisjunction

1. 100% of cells get abnormal number of gametes

   1. 50% get normal and 50% get abnormal

monosomy vs. trisomy

less than 2 sets of a particular chromosome vs. more then 2 sets