AQA GCSE History Restoration England

In what year did the Plague emerge?

1665

What caused the plague?

bacteria transmitted from rats (via fleas)

Where did "buboes" appear as a result of contracting the bubonic plague?

Lymph nodes

What was the most widespread theory as to why the plague was occuring?

Punishment from god / bad smells / stars alignment

During the outbreak of the plague, what were the orders regarding quarantining supposedly sick individuals?

40 days (in their homes with a) white cross (on the door)

During the outbreak of the plague, what were people ordered to do?

Clean the street outside their house

During the outbreak of the plague, what were the orders regarding livestock and pets?

All livestock was banned and all cats and dogs were killed

What document kept track of the extent of the Plague?

1590 Bill of Mortality

During the outbreak of the Plague, how many days were ships quarantined for?

40

During the outbreak of the Plague, what was needed to enter London?

A certificate of health

During the outbreak of the Plague, how were bodies removed?

Mass graves outside the city (e.g. Aldgate plague pit with 1114 bodies)

How many Anglicans died as a result of the Plague?

130,000

What % of London's population died as a result of the Great Plague?

25

Why did people in Britain view Catholics with suspicion?

Catholics were seen as willing to start a religious war

When was the 'Cavalier Parliament' elected?

May 1660

In what act did Charles attempt to protect Catholics?

Declaration of Indulgencies

Why did Charles withdraw the section protecting Catholics from the Declaration of Indulgencies?

Parliament threatened to cut off funding

Why did the public view Charles' younger brother James with suspicion?

It was widely believed that he was Catholic

Who was the heir to the throne after Charles II?

James (his younger brother)

Why were people fearful of France?

It was a Catholic superpower that was attacking the Netherlands, the only other Protestant country in Europe

Why did people start to believe that Charles was a Catholic?

He signed the Treaty of Dover in which he sided with a Catholic nation against a Protestant one

What was the Treaty of Dover?

England and France formally entered an alliance against the Dutch

When was the Treaty of Dover signed?

1672

Who became leader after Oliver Cromwell died?

his son Richard

Who took control of the country after Richard stepped down?

The army took control (and wanted to purge parliament of the remaining puritains)

Which General brought an army down from Scotland?

Monck

What did General Monck do?

Created a more moderate parliament and invited Charles to take the throne

What did Charles II issue on hearing he was invited back to the throne?

The Declaration of Breda

What did the Declaration of Breda contain?

1. Peace for the Kingdom
2. A promise to Listen to Parliament
3. A Promise of Indemnity
4. Toleration for peaceful religious beliefs.
5. Settlements of disputes over land, to be decided by Parliament.
6. Payment of the Army's wages.

What type of Parliament did the 1661 Election produce?

Royalist

What was the relationship like in 1660-1663 between Charles and Parliament?

Cooperative with a focus on limiting the powers of the army

Why did Parliament agree to the Heath tax in 1661?

To fund Charles and his smaller private millitia

What was the Triennial Act 1664?

A statement in which Parliament only needed to be held every 3 years

What did Charles have to agree to in order to pass the Triennial Act?

Conventicles Act

What was the Conventicles Act 1664?

People could be fined for attending non Anglican services

What did Charles need £2.5 million for in 1665?

War against the Dutch

What did Charles have to agree to in order to get funding for the 1665 Anglo-Dutch war?

The Five Mile Act

What was the Five Mile Act 1665?

A law which banned dissenting ministers to live within 5 miles of where they had previously been preaching

What was the relationship like in 1664-5 between Charles and Parliament?

Compromise, Charles had to introduce alot of laws in order to get funding

When was the attack on the Medway?

May 1667

Why was tax income reduced in 1667?

The great fire had ruined industry

How much money was needed to continue the war effort in 1666?

£1.8 million

Why did Charles fire Clarendon?

as punishment for the raid on the medway

Where did Clarendon go after the raid on the Medway?

France as he did not want to be put on trial for treason

When was the CABAL formed?

1668

Who were the members of the CABAL?

Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, Lauderdale

What was the Conventicles Act?

People were fined for attending non Anglican services

When was the Conventicles Act?

1668

Why did Charles agree to the Conventicles act?

He needed money from parliament

What did the Treaty of Dover guarantee Charles?

Money from the French (as long as he converted to Catholicism)

What act was released as punishment for the Treaty of Dover?

Test Act

What was the Test Act?

Anyone in Government had to declare if they weren't Anglican

What was the result of the Test Act?

Charles' brother James was outed as Catholic and resigned from the Navy, the cabal was disbanded

When did James' daughter marry William of Orange?

1678

Why was Charles pressured into marrying his niece to the Protestant leader of NL?

Danby forced Charles as an effort to seem anti-Catholic

Why was Danby forced to resign?

he had been writing to the French to gain more money for Charles

Why was James next in line to the throne?

Charles didn't have any legitimate children

Did the Tories want James to inherit the throne?

Yes

Did the Whigs want James to inherit the throne?

No

Why did Charles close Parliament?

to stop the bills of exclusion getting through

When was the last time Charles called Parliament?

1681

Why did Charles call parliament for the last time in 1681?

to offer the Whigs laws restricting James' power, they declined.

Who was the leader of the Whigs?

Lord Shaftesbury

Why did Lord Shaftesbury flee abroad?

He was suspected of plotting to kill Charles

What did Charles do regarding local councils following the prorogation of parliament?

appointed loyal tories to important roles

In what city was Parliament last held in 1681?

Oxford (london was dangerous)

What was the Rye House Plot?

ambush the King's carriage when it returned form the races at Newmarket at a farmhouse called Rye House.

What was the objection of the Rye House plot?

To eliminate the chance of a Catholic leader

In what ways did Charles use the Rye house plot to his advantage?

he arrested the leading Whigs

What were the main exports of the East cost colonies?

timber / tar / rope / cotton / sugar / tobacco.

When was the Hudson bay company set up?

1670

What were the main objectives of the Hudson Bay company?

to trade furs

Who was a notable shareholder in the Hudson bay company?

Charles

How did Charles receive the territory in Bombay?

As a dowry for his wife (Catherine of Braganza from Portugal)

Which emperor guarenteed free textile trade?

Mughal

By how much did the value of exports from India increase beteen 1663 and 1699?

x 4

How did Charles acquire Tangiers?

Dowry

Why did Charles abandon Tangiers?

Maintenance cost

When did Charles abandon Tangiers?

1684

Who did the English capture Jamaica from?

Spain

What was the trading capital between Europe and Jamacia?

Port Royal

Who was Henry Morgan?

A privateer who carried out many successful attacks on Spanish colonies - especially panama

What were Letters of Marque?

Summons for privateers to protect English cargo ships from the Spanish

In what year did Henry Morgan raid Panama city resulting in issues?

1670

Why was Henry Morgan's raid on Panama city wrong?

The Treaty of Madrid had been signed and Britain and Spain were no longer at war so he was charged for acts of piracy

Why was Henry Morgan never properly persecuted for the 1671 raid on Panama?

Spanish relations with the British fell apart quickly again

Why were slaves needed for the production of sugar?

The process was expensive and needed to be completed on a large scale, but there weren't enough workers

When was the Royal Africa company set up?

1663

Who were notable shareholders of the Royal Africa Company?

James and Charles

By 1680 how many slaves were there in the Caribbean?

65,000

How many annual slaves did Jamaica require to maintain the sugar industry?

10,000

By 1807 how many slaves had been taken to the Caribbean?

3 million

Why were a lot of politicians against the abolition of the slave trade?

They had shares in companies involved in it

What was the Navigation Act of 1660?

Required colonial goods must be shipped on British ships with the crew being 3/4 British

What is mercantilism?

belief in the benefits of profitable trading resulting in military intervention and competition between countries