Data Transmission, Packet Switching, Storage, and Compression Review

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering packet structure and switching, data storage and compression concepts, transmission modes, and serial/parallel transmission. Each card omits a key term for recall.

Packets are usually small (typically __), which are much smaller than a long continuous stream of data.

64 KiB

The transmission method that allows each packet to take a different route is __.

packet switching

A major benefit of packet switching is that it works well if a transmission route is __.

busy or out of action

A drawback of packet switching is the need to __ the data when it reaches the destination.

reassemble

The packet header contains the IP address of the __ device.

sending/originating

The packet header contains the IP address of the __ device.

receiving/destination

The packet header includes the __ number to ensure packets are reassembled in the correct order.

sequence

The packet header includes the __ size to help verify all packets arrived intact.

packet

The __ of a packet is the actual data being carried.

payload

The __ section of a packet contains information used for error checking and other metadata.

trailer

Cyclic redundancy checks are used by computing the number of __ in the payload and storing this as a hex value in the trailer.

1s

Step 2: Upon arrival, the receiving computer recalculates the number of __ in the payload.

1s

If the CRC values match, there are no __ errors.

errors

Packets may arrive __ and must be reordered.

out of order

Routing selection depends on the __ of packets waiting to be processed; the best available path is taken.

number of packets waiting to be processed

A router may reorder packets to ensure the correct __.

order

Lossless compression means all data from the original file can be __.

reconstructed

Lossless compression uses __ encoding (RLE) to compress data.

Run-Length

In RLE, a repeating string is encoded with two values: the first is the number of identical items and the second is the __.

code

An advantage of lossless over lossy is that it preserves data __.

quality

A disadvantage of lossless compression is that it takes more __ to upload or download.

time

Lossless compression uses more __ bandwidth.

bandwidth

Lossless compression takes up more __ storage space.

storage

Data usage would be __ with lossless compression.

increased

To stream music, lossless compression may require more __.

bandwidth

A compression algorithm used as an example in the notes is __.

RLE

In lossless compression, repeating frames or pixels are identified and __.

indexed

The original file can be __ after decompression.

reconstructed

File size of an image is calculated as image resolution (in pixels) times __ depth.

color

File size of a sound file is sample rate times sample __ times length.

resolution

Lossy compression eliminates data permanently and is not suitable for __ files.

text

MP3 reduces file size by removing sounds outside the human __ range.

ear

JPEG can reduce file size by reducing resolution and/or __ depth.

color

Disadvantages of lossy compression include that quality may be __.

reduced

The original file cannot be reconstructed after lossy compression; the statement would read: With lossy compression the original file cannot be __.

reconstructed

In Simplex transmission mode, data travels in only __ direction.

one

In Half-Duplex mode, data can be transmitted in both directions but not __ at the same time.

simultaneously

In Full-Duplex mode, data can be transmitted in __ directions at the same time.

both

Serial transmission sends data one bit at a time over a __ wire.

single

Serial transmission is best suited for __ distances.

long

Parallel transmission sends several bits of data down __ wires at the same time.

several

Parallel transmission works well over __ distances.

short