Separating substances

Alloy

A substance made with 2 or more metals

Concentration

The amount of a substance that is in a liquid

How does evaporation work

Heat warms up the water and the heat changes the matter of the water to water vapour ( liquid into gas )

What is the concentration of 1200g of tin dissolved into 10000mL of bronze

12%

Process of distillation

a compound substance is put above heat and the hotter liquid in the compound turns into a gas and it will cool inside another bottle, separating the substances in the compound.

Solubility

The ability of a solute to dissolve into a solute

Insoluble

Incapable of being dissolved as a liquid

Supersaturated

More solute is dissolved into the liquid than normally

Rose adds 5g of Suger to 50mL of tea, what is the concentration?

10%

When did the Mediterranean evaporate

6 million years ago

Evaporation

The process when water changes into a vapour using heat

Solvent

The liquid solute is dissolved in

Solute

The substance dissolved into the solvent

Describe how paper chromatography works

A solution is placed onto a paper and dipped into water, after hours the substance will spread out and the distance/colour of each substance depends on the solubility and attraction of each substance

What is the concentration of a solution (formula)

Concentration = m/v or g/mL

What are some major separation techniques

sifting, chromatography, filtering, distillation, magnetism, sorting, evaporation

What factors affects solubility

Temperature, pressure, polarity (p vs n), molecular size

What is the concentration of 5g of salt dissolved into 500mL water

1%

Dilute

To make a solution thinner or more liquid by adding in a liquid

Distillation

The process of purifying a compound by changing the matter of the compound

Why can soap was off oil and grease

Soap breaks down the oil and grease, this lets the oil and grease mix in with the water. This is because one side of the soap loves water (hydrophilic) and the other side hates water (hydrophobic)

Unsaturated

More solute can be dissolved

Paper chromatography

To separate substances in a solution using paper and water

Saturation point

No more solute can be dissolved and it changes the temperature of the solution

Homogeneous

A mixture that is well mixed and you cannot see the difference between the two substances. The only way to separate them is using a mechanical process

Heterogenous

A mixture where you can see the difference between the two substances

Solution

Substances are completely dissolved and cannot be filtered out

Mixture

Substances are mixed and not dissolved

Concentration (Quantitative)

The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent

Concentration (Qualitative)

Constrains a large amount of dissolved solute and very little solvent ( which makes its dilute )

Quantitative

Data refers to measurable observations

Qualitative

Data refers to observations using the 5 senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell)