SLHS 1401: Anatomy & Physiology 1

Anatomy

The study of structure of an organism

Physiology

The study of fof an organism

Anterior/ventral

Front of the frontal plane

Posterior/dorsal

Back of the frontal plane

Superior

Top of the cross-sectional plane

Inferior plane

Bottom of the cross-sectional plane

Cranial/rostral

Toward the head

Caudal

Away from the head

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

Away from the midline

Proximal

Toward the point of attachment

Distal

Away from the point of attachment

Prone

Laying face down

Supine

Laying face up

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Perepheral nervous system

Nerves and ganglia

Cortex

Brain region resposible for high-level functioning

Cerebellum

Brain region responsible for motor regulation

Brainstem

Brain region responsible for autonomic bodily functions

Broca’s Area

Area in the left frontal lobe responsible for expressive language

Wernicke’s Area

Area of the left temporal lobe responsible for receptive language

Expressive Language

Form of language associated with producing fluent speech

Receptive Language

Form of language associated with language comprehension and producing comprehensible speech

Trachea

Medial airway of the lower respitory system

Bronchi

Lateral airways of the respitory system

Alveolar Sacs

Clusters of alveoli connected to bronchi

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs that facilitate gas exchange

Diaphram

Dome-shaped muscle responsible for respiration

Exhalation

Proccess facilitated by diaphram relaxation

Inhalation

Proccess facilitated by diaphram contraction

Larynx

Musculo-cartilaginous airway in the upper respitory system resposible for voice generation

Cricoid Cartilage

Unpaired inferiormost cartilage of the larynx

Arytenoid Cartilage

Paired rotating cartilages of the larynx posteriorly connected to the thyroarytenoid muscles

Corniculate Cartilage

Paired cartilages of the larynx superior to the arytenoid cartilage

Thyroid Cartilage

Unpaired cartilage of the larynx anteriorly connected to the thyroarytenoid muscles

Hyroid Bone

Bone connected to the larynx and tongue

Vocal Folds

Paired vibrating structures in the larynx with 5 layers of tissue

Thyroarytenoid Muscles

Innermost layer of vocal folds

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Muscles that make minor adjustments to the larynx

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Muscles that make major adjustments to the larynx

Laryngeal Stroboscopy

Endoscopic recording of the vocal folds