AP Psych Unit 1: 58-84

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Psychology

Biological Psychology

A-Level Psychology

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28 Terms

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Brainstem

The brain’s oldest region that controls automatic survival functions and links the brain with the spinal cord.

<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The brain’s oldest region that controls <strong>automatic survival functions </strong>and links the <u>brain with the spinal cord.</u></span></p>
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Medulla

The base of the Brain stem that controls heartbeat and breathing

<p><span style="color: red;">The <u>base</u> of the Brain stem that controls <strong>heartbeat and breathing</strong></span></p>
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Reticular activating system

a network in the Brain stem that controls arousal and alertness by filtering incoming stimuli.

<p><span style="color: red;">a network in the Brain stem that controls <strong>arousal and alertness</strong> by filtering incoming stimuli.</span></p>
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Cerebellum

coordinates balance, movement, and fine motor skills.

<p><span style="color: red;">coordinates <u>balance, movement, and fine motor skills.</u></span></p>
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Cerebral Cortex

the brains outer layer of neural tissue that controls higher level thinking, perception, and decision making.

<p><span style="color: red;">the brains <strong>outer layer</strong> of neural tissue that controls higher level thinking, perception, and decision making.</span></p>
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Hemispheres

the 2 halves of the brain- left and right- that control opposite sides of the body and specialize in different functions.

<p><span style="color: red;">the 2 halves of the brain- <strong>left and right</strong>- that control <u>opposite sides of the body and specialize in different functions.</u></span></p>
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Limbic System

neural system located mostly in the fore brain that includes a group of brain structures involved in emotion and drives.

<p><span style="color: red;">neural system located mostly in the f<strong>ore brain </strong>that includes a group of brain structures involved in <strong>emotion and drives.</strong></span></p>
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Brain structures in Limbic system

amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, thalamus, and pituitary gland

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Thalamus

the brain’s sensory relay system, directs incoming sensory messages to the correct areas in the brain.

<p>t<span style="color: red;">he brain’s <strong>sensory relay system</strong>, directs incoming sensory messages to the correct areas in the brain.</span></p>
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Hypothalamus

directs several maintenance activities and helps govern the endocrine system; linked to emotion and reward.

<p><span style="color: red;">directs<strong> several maintenance activities</strong> and helps govern the endocrine system; linked to emotion and reward.</span></p>
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Pituitary gland

the master gland of the endocrine system that controls hormone release and regulates other glands.

<p><span style="color: red;">the <strong>master gland</strong> of the endocrine system that controls hormone release and regulates other glands.</span></p>
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Hippocampus

located in the limbic system, helps process explicit memories for storage.

<p><span style="color: red;">located in the <strong>limbic</strong> system, helps process <strong>explicit</strong> memories for storage.</span></p>
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Amygdala

2 Lima bean size neural structures in the limbic system; linked to emotion

<p><span style="color: red;">2 Lima bean size neural structures in the limbic system; linked to <strong>emotion</strong></span></p>
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Corpus Callosum

thick band of neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to communicate and share info

<p><span style="color: red;">t<strong>hick band of neural fibers</strong> that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to communicate and share info</span></p>
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Occipital lobes

portion of cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head, includes areas that receive info from visual fields

<p><span style="color: red;">portion of cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head, includes areas that receive info from <strong>visual</strong> fields</span></p>
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Temporal lobes

part of celebral cortex located on sides of the Brain that processes auditory info and language composition

<p><span style="color: red;">part of celebral cortex located on sides of the Brain that processes <strong>auditory info and language composition</strong></span></p>
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Parietal lobes

part of celebral cortex at the top and back of the brain that processes sensory info and spatial awareness

<p><span style="color: red;">part of celebral cortex at the top and back of the brain that processes <strong>sensory info and spatial awareness</strong></span></p>
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Association areas

areas of the celebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions

<p><span style="color: red;">areas of the celebral cortex that are involved in <strong>higher mental functions </strong></span></p>
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Somatosensory cortex

area of parietal lobe that processes touch, pressure, pain, etc

<p><span style="color: red;">area of parietal lobe that processes touch, pressure, pain, etc</span></p>
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Frontal lobes

portion of celebral cortex lying behind the forehead that controls movement, higher order thinking, and executive functioning

<p><span style="color: red;">portion of celebral cortex lying behind the forehead that controls <strong>movement, higher order thinking, and executive functioning</strong></span></p>
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Motor cortex

area of the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movements

<p><span style="color: red;">area of the frontal lobe that controls <strong>voluntary</strong> movements</span></p>
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Prefrontal cortex

front part of the frontal lobes that enables judgement, planning, and social interactions

<p><span style="color: red;">front part of the frontal lobes that enables j<strong>udgement, planning, and social interactions</strong></span></p>
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Broca’s area

part of the frontal lobe that controls speech production

<p><span style="color: red;">part of the frontal lobe that controls <strong>speech</strong> production</span></p>
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Wernickle’s area

part of the temporal lobe that comprehends and understands language

<p><span style="color: red;">part of the <u>temporal lobe</u> that comprehends and understands <strong>language</strong></span></p>
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Split-brain

condition in which the corpus callosum is severed, so the 2 hemispheres of the Brain cannot communicate

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Cortex specialization

different parts of the cerebral cortex have specialized functions

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Contralateral hemispheric organization

the brains left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left side

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Aphasia

loss or impairment of language ability due to brain damage