Hallucinogens, Ketamine, and PCP

What increases endogenous opioid activity?

alcohol

scopolamine(muscarinic antagonist)

induces amnesia, used to be prescribed during labor to induce ‘twilight sleep’

what is thought to be important for memory consolidation?

cholinergic projections from basal forebrain to cortex and hippocampus

eccrine sweat glads are innervated by?

postganglionic sympathetic cholinergic fibers

activation of the basal ganglia with cocaine can result in?

stereotyped, purposeless behaviors

hallucinogens have less activation within?

the mesolimbic dopamine pathway

raphe nuclei

main locations of the cell bodies of neurons that release serotonin

what can cause hallucinations?

electrical stimulation of the inferior temporal lobe

altered sensory gating

theory that the thalamus changes the balance between in how primary and association areas interact with the rest of the brain

LSD

5-HT2A receptor agonist; similar structure to serotonin

what structure is shared by many different hallucinogenic drugs?

indoleamine structure

what drug has high lipid solubility?

marijuana, which leads to rapid increase in plasma TCH levels

long lasting effects of LSD-binding

deep within 5-HT receptor with amino acid lid covering it

which hallucinogen is broken down by first-pass metabolism when taken orally?

NBOMe

Ki

dissociation constant, reflects binding affinity directly

pyramidal cells

main excitatory cells of the cortex

what do pyramidal cells contain?

5-HT receptors;also excited by neurons that have 5-HT receptors where LSD can act

AP5(APV)

acts as an antagonist on the glutamate binding site

PCP, ketamine, and MK801 are all?

noncompetitive antagonists which block at a different site than AP5

ketamine

a dissociative anesthetic which creates feelings of detachment from the environment and the self;typically combined with other compounds

ketamine has good anesthesia for?

superficial somatic neurons

ketamine has poor anesthesia for?

visceral neurons

does ketamine act as a muscle relaxant?

no