Sanitary Science

AERATOR

a device screwed into the end of a faucet spout that mixes air into flowing water

and controls flow to reduce splashing

AlRBREAK

a physical separation, which may be low inlet into the indirect waste receptor

from the fixture, appliance or device indirectly connected

AIR GAP

the unobstructed vertical distance between the lowest opening of a faucet (or the

like) which supplies a plumbing fixture (such as tank or wash bowl) and the level at which the

fixture will overflow.

BACKFLOW

the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distributing

pipes of a potable supply of water from any source other than from its intended source or the

flow in the direction opposite to the normal flow. There are two types of back flow: Backpressure

backflow and backsiphonage.

BACKPRESSURE BACKFLOW

occurs due to an increased reverse pressure above the

supply pressure. Backpressure backflow occurs when the pressure of the non-potable system

exceeds the positive pressure in the water distribution lines; that is, the water pressure within an

establishment's plumbing system exceeds that of the water distribution system

BACK-SIPHONAGE

the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into the water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe. Back-siphonage occurs when there is a partial vacuum (negative pressure) in a water supply system, which draws the water from a contaminated source into a potable water supply. The water pressure within the distribution system falls below that of the plumbing system it is supplying. The effect is similar to sipping a soda through a straw.

BACKFLOW PREVENTER

device or means to prevent flow of liquid from returning to the

source of supply. Also called vacuum/sipbon breaker

BACKW ATER VALVE

a device installed in a drainage system to prevent reverse flow.

BALL COCK

a valve opened and closed by the fall and rise, respectively, of an attached ball

floating on a surface of the liquid

BALL JOINT

a type of pipe connection in which a ball-shaped end is held in a cuplike shell

and allows movements in every direction

BATTERY OF FIXTURES

any of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into

a common horizontal soil or waste branch

BELL OR HUB

that portion of a pipe which, for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a caulked or

push-on joint.

BIBB

synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc

BIDET

a plumbing fixture used for washing the middle private part of the body, especially the

genitals. Also called a sitz bath

BLIND FLANGE

flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of

liquid or gas

BLOW-OFF

a controlled outlet of a pipeline to discharge liquid or detritus

BOILER BLOW-OFF

a valve outlet of a boiler that permits discharge of accumulated

sediment

BRANCH

any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack

BRAnCH INTERVAL

length of soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a storey

height, but in no case less than 2.43 meters within which the horizontal branches from one

floor or story of a building are connected to the stack

BRANCH VENT

a horizontal vent connecting one or more individual vertical back vents with

the vent stack or stack vent

BUILDING DRAIN

that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system which

receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building

and conveys it to the building sewer beginning 0.60 meter outside the building wall. Same as

Building Sewer

BUILDING SEWER

that part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system which starts from

the end of the building drain and which receives the discharge of the building drain and conveys

it to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system or other point of disposal.

Same as House Sewer

BUILDING SUBDRAIN

that portion of an underground system, which cannot drain by

gravity into the building sewer

BUILDING SUPPLY

the pipe carrying potable water from the water meter or other source of

water supply to a building or other point of use or distribution on the lot. Building supply shall

also mean water service connection

CAULKING

plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials that are poured into the

annular space. Also, the material pounded into the annular opening

CAP

a fitting, screwed or caulked over the end of a pipe for closing the pipe end

CATCH BASIN

receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period of time to

allow settleable material to deposit

CESSPOOL

a non-watertight lined excavation in the ground which receives the discharge of a

sanitary drainage system or part thereof, designed to retain the organic matter and solids

discharging there from, but permitting the liquid to seep through the bottom and sides of the

cesspool.

CHASE

a vertical shaft for installation of different pipe stacks

CHECK VALVE

a valve that automatically closes to prevent the flow of liquid or gas in a

reverse direction

CIRCUIT OR LOOP VENT

a group vent pipe which starts in front of the extreme fixture

connection on a horizontal branch and connects to the vent stack

CONTAMINATION

an impairment of the quality of the potable waste which creates an

actual hazard to the public health through poisoning or spread of disease by sewage, industrial

fluids or waste. Also, defined as High hazard

CONTINUOUS WASTE

a drain connecting the compartments of a set of fixtures to a trap or

connecting other permitted fixtures to a common trap

CONDUCTOR DOWNSPOUT

a vertical pipe to convey rainwater

CORPORATION COCK

a stop valve placed at the connection of the water service pipe to

the water main

CRITICAL LEVEL

C-L or C/L marking on a backflow prevention device or vacuum breaker is a point conforming to approved standards and established by the testing laboratory (usually stamped on the device by the manufacturer) which determines the minimum elevation above the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle served where the device may be installed

CROSS-CONNECTION

any connection or arrangement, physical or otherwise, between a potable water supply system and any plumbing fixture or any tank, receptacle, equipment or device through which enables non-potable, used, polluted, contaminated water or other substance

to enter into any part of such potable water system under any condition

DEAD-END

the extended potion of a pipe that is closed at one end to which no connection are

made on the extended portion, thus permitting the stagnation of liquid or air therein

DEVELOPED LENGTH

the length of a pipe along its centerline and fittings

DOUBLE BEND FITTING

pipe fitting with adjacent reverse bends and shaped like the

letter "s"

DOUBLE OFFSET

two offsets in succession or in series such that the centerlines of the outside ends are in the same straight line

DRAIN

a pipe, which carries ground and surface waters, stonn water or wastewater into a

building drainage system

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

includes all the piping within public or private premises which convey

sewage or other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal but does not include the mains of a

public sewer system or a public sewage treatment or disposal plant

DURHAM SYSTEM

a tern used to describe soil or waste system where all pipings are

threaded pipe tubing or other such rigid construction using recessed drainage fittings to

correspond to the types of fittings

EFFECTIVE OPENING

is the minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water supply

discharge measured or expressed in terms of (l) diameter of a circle; (2) if the opening is not

circular, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area

FERRULE

a metallic sleeve caulked or joined to an opening in a pipe into which a plug is

screwed that can be removed for cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe

FIXTURE

a receptacle other than a trap attached to a plumbing system in which water or

wastes may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system

FIXTURE BRANCH

the water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the waterdistributing

pipe

FIXTURE DRAIN

the drainpipe from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with

any other drainpipe.

FIXTURE SUPPLY

a water supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch

FIXTURE UNIT

is an arbitrary quantity in terms of which the load-producing effects or water

requirements on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in

some arbitrary chosen scale. One fixture unit is equivalent to a rate flow at 28.3 liters per minute

(1 cu ft/m)

FLOOD LEVEL

the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow over the top or rim of

the fixture

FLOOD LEVEL RIM

is the top edge of a receptacle from where water overflows

FLUSH TANK

a tank located above or integral with the water closet, urinal or similar fixtures

for flushing or removing excrements in the fixture

FLUSH VALVE

is a device located at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of flushing water

closet and similar fixtures.

FLUSHOMETER VALVE

is a device, which discharges a predetermined quantity of water

into fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure

GATE VALVE

a valve in which the flow of water is cut-otIby means of a circular disc fitted

against machine smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or

lowered by means of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. The opening in the

valve is usually as large as the full bore of the pipe

GLOBE VALVE

a valve in which the flow of fluid is cut-offby means of a circular disc that

fits over and against the horizontal valve seat. The movement of the plane of disc is parallel to

the nonnal direction of flow of water through the orifice resulting to a tortuous passage which

offers a high. pressure loss

GOOSENECK

a return bend of small-sized pipe, the end of which is about 30 cm long and

the other end is about 7.5cm long. Also, the tenn means the flexible tubing connection between a

service pipe and a water main

GREASE INTERCEPTOR

an interceptor of at least 3 cubic meters capacity to serve one or more fixtures and which are remotely located

GREASE TRAP

a device designed to retain grease from one to maximum of four fixtures.

HORIZONTAL BRANCH

is a drain pipe extending laterally from a soil or waste stack or building drain with or without vertical sections or branches, which receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and conducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain.

HORIZONTAL PIPE

is any pipe or fitting installed in a horizontal position or which forms

an angle of not more than forty-five degrees with the horizontal plane

HOUSE STORM SEWER

is the pipeline from the building to the public or street storm

drainage system

HUBLESS PIPES

are cast iron soil pipes with plain ends connected together with bolted

stainless steel bands and neoprene gaskets

INDIRECT WASTE PIPE

is a pipe that does not connect directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture, interceptor or receptacle directly connected to the drainage system

INDIVIDUAL/BACK VENT

is a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap and which connects with the vent system above the fixture served or terminates in the open air

I.P.S.

Iron Pipe Size

INTERCEPTOR (CLARIFIER)

is a device designed and installed to separate and retain deleterious, hazardous or undesirable matters from normal wastes and permits normal sewage or liquid wastes to discharge into the disposal terminal by gravity

INVERT

the lowest portion ofthe interior part of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical

LATRINE

a water closet consisting of a continuous trough containing water. The trough

extends under two or more adjacent seats

LAVATORY

a fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face. Sometimes called a

wash basin

LEADER

a pipe connected from the building gutter to the downspout or conductor

LOCAL VENT

a pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or a room to the

outer air

LOOPED VENT

a method of ventilation used in fIXtures which are located in the room away

from partitions

MAIN VENT

the principal artery of the venting system to which vent branches are connected

MANHOLE

a large opening in a sewer line or part of a plumbing system constructed with sufficient size for a man to gain access therein for maintenance purposes and facility for changes of line and/or grade of pipeline

NAMPAP

National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines

OUKUM

hemp or old hemp rope soaked in oil or tar to make it waterproof.

OFFSET

in a line of piping is a combination of elbows or bends, which brings one section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the original section

PB

Polybutylene. Tube made of plastic material and colored black. The cross-sectional shape

is normally oval and is denoted by its outside diameter

PE

Polyethylene. Tube made of plastic material and colored black. The cross-sectional shape is

circular and is denoted by its outside diameter

PIPE

a cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the particular dimensions commonly

known as 'pipe size" and is denoted by its interior diameter

PLUMBING

the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply, liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them; and such water, liquid and other carried wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life, property; also the pipes and fixtures after installation I.e., the plumbing system.

PLUMBING APPLIANCE

anyone of the special class of device or equipment intended to perfonn a special plumbing function. Its operation and/or control may be dependent upon one or more energized components, such as motors, controls, heating elements and pressure temperature- sensing elements. Such device or equipment may operate automatically through one or more of the following actions: a time cycle, a temperature range, a pressure range, a measured volume or weight; or the device or equipment may be manually adjusted or controlled by the

user or operator

PLUMBING APPURTENANCE

a manufactures device or prefabricated assembly or an onthe- job assembly of component parts, and serves as adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional water supply nor does it add any discharge load to a fIXture or the drainage system. It perfonns some useful functions in the operation, maintenance, servicing, economy or safety of the plumbing system

RECEPTOR

an approved plumbing fixture or device of such materials, shape and capacity to adequately receive the discharge from indirect waste pipes, constructed and located to be readily cleaned

RELIEF VENT

a vertical vent line, the primary function of which is to provide additional circulation of air between the drainage and vent systems or to act as an auxiliary vent on a specially designed system such as a "yoke vent" connection between the soil and vent stacks

RIM

an unobstructed top open edge of a fixture

RISER

a water supply pipe, which extends vertically to one full story or more to convey water

into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures

ROUGHING-IN

the installation of all piping and fitting parts of the plumbing system, which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures and accessories. These include sanitary and storm drainage, tap, hot and chilled water supplies, gas piping, vent piping and the necessary fIXture supports

SANITARY SEWAGE

waste water containing human excrement and liquid household waste. Also called domestic sewage.

SANITARY SEWER

a sewer intended to receive sanitary sewage with or without pre-treated industrial wastes and without the admixture of rain or ground water

SEAL

the vertical distance between the dip and the crown weir of a trap. Also the water in the

trap between the dip and the crown weir

SEEPAGE PIT

a loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge of a septic tank and designed to pennit the emuent from the septic tank to seep through pit bottom and sides

SEPTIC TANK

a water-tight receptacle which receives the discharge of sanitary plumbing system or part thereof, designed and constructed to retain solids, digest organic matter through a period of detention and to allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank through a system of open-jointed sub-surface piping or a seepage pit meeting the requirements of this Code

SERVICE PIPE

the pipe from the street water main or other source of water supply to the building served

SEW AGE

any waste water containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution

SIAMESE CONNECTION

a hose fitting with clapper valves for combining the flow from two or more lines of hose into a single stream. The inlet fitting of a fire standpipe located above the ground

SIPHONAGE

a suction created by the flow of liquids in the pipes. A pressure less than atmosphere