Stages Of Additional Language Learning (Week 3)

5 stages of additional language acquisition

preproduction

early production

speech emergence

intermediate fluency

advanced fluency

Preproduction (Stage 1)

receptive stage

minimal comprehension

can’t talk yet (no verbalisation)

communication through gesture and language

receptive vocab - 500 words

Early Production (Stage 2)

limited comprehension

cand produce one-two word utterances

can answer yes/no questions

receptive vocab - 1,000 words

Speech Emergence (Stage 3)

makes simple sentences

has a lot of grammatical and pronounciation errors

good at comprehending literally, but can’t understand figurative speech yet

receptive vocab - 3,000 words

Intermediate Fluency (Stage 4)

excellent comprehension

complex grammar structures

few errors

can share thoughts and feelings

6000 word vocab

Advanced Fluency (Stage 5)

native level fluency

takes 5-10 years to acheive

Internal Factors Affecting Additional Language Learning

motivation

attitude

cognitive abilities

aptitude

preferred learning styles

natuve languages of a learner

and personal experiences

External Factors

Language curriculum

Instruction

Feedback and encouragement

Access to native or proficient speakers

Similarities between devlopmental stages of first and second language acquisition? (prelinguistic)

pre-productive (absorbing new sounds)

Similarities between devlopmental stages of first and second language acquisition? (Holophrastic)

Early Production (Associate meaning with words)

Similarities between devlopmental stages of first and second language acquisition? (Two word)

Speech Emergence

Similarities between devlopmental stages of first and second language acquisition? (Telegraphic)

Intermediate Fluency

Similarities between devlopmental stages of first and second language acquisition? (Multi Word)

Advanced Fluency

Making Errors

mistakes are crucial to language learning

young children learn through interactions and acquire a lot of knowledge

Adults enhance their language skills by doing so as well

Multilinguisim

ability to speak more than one language

can enhance memory, cognitive strength

can delay mental diseases

Simultaneous multilinguals

Learning more than one native language at a time

Sequential Multilingual

learning another language after native language has been mastered.

Language Dominance

When a child or adult is better at one language than another

Code switching

When speakers alternate between languages, it can be like “mixing up languages”

But seen as proficiency in the other language

eg. might borrow word from another language to convey thought.

Reasons For Code Switching

emphasising a point

expressing intent or emotion

to convey meaning

to address audiences of different languages

to use popular expression from native langauge

Types Of Code Switching

Intersentential

Intrasentential

Extrasentential/Tag switching

Intersential

Happens at beginning or end of sentence. e.g. ‘Appa, come here!’

Intrasential

changing from one language to another and back within the same sentence.

“I cant; ennala muddiyathu, come on!’

Tag Switching

Exclamation after end of sentence , or question after/before the main sentence

e.g. “Are you sure? Naa venumnaa varava?”

Interlanguage

Creating own language that “bridges” from one language to another that helps with the learning of the new language.

Contains components of previous (native) language)

Fossilisation (Linguistic)

Incorrect parts of additional language are not included in the interlanguage, and the speaker continues making the mistakes.

Interlanguage Processes

Language Transfer

Strategies Of Additional Language Communication

Transfer Of Training

Strategies Of Additional Language Learning

Overgeneralisation

Language Transfer

Transferring linguistic patterns to additional language.

Strategies Of Additional Language Communication

Methods used to effectively convey meaning and interact in an additional language.

uses:

code switching

pause fillers (uh, ah, um)

neologisms (new words)

use approximate words

Transfer Of Training

Making incorrect patterns and wrong language choice based on native language.

Strategies Of Additional Language Learning

Make strategies as interlanguage develops

Overgeneralisation

Applying rules of the additional language too broadly, leading to grammatical errors.

eg. ‘foot’ - ‘foots’ or ‘sheep’ - ‘sheeps’