Chapter 3: The Skeletal System

ankyl/o

Stiff; bent; fused

arthr/o

Joint

burs/o

Bursa (fluid-filled sac near a joint)

chondr/i

Cartilage

chondr/o

Cartilage

cost/o

Rib

crani/o

Skull

-desis

Surgical fixation; binding together

kyph/o

Humpback; hump

lord/o

Swayback; bent backward

lumb/o

Lower back; loin

myel/o

Bone marrow or spinal cord

oss/e

Bone

oss/i

Bone

ost/o

Bone

oste/o

Bone

scoli/o

Crooked; curved

spondyl/o

Vertebra; spine

synovi/o

Synovial membrane or synovial fluid

synov/o

Synovial membrane or synovial fluid

acetabulum

Hip socket that receives the head of the femur

allogenic

Pertaining to tissue or organs donated from another person of the same species

ankylosing spondylitis

Chronic inflammatory disease that causes stiffening and fusion of the spine

arthrodesis

Surgical fusion of a joint

arthroscopy

Minimally invasive examination and treatment of a joint using a scope

autologous

Pertaining to tissue or cells taken from and returned to the same individual

avascular necrosis

Death of bone tissue caused by loss of blood supply

bone marrow transplant

Replacement of diseased bone marrow with healthy marrow or stem cells

callus

New bone that forms around a healing fracture

chondromalacia

Softening and deterioration of cartilage

comminuted fracture

Fracture in which the bone breaks into several pieces

compression fracture

Fracture caused by crushing pressure, commonly affecting vertebrae

costochondritis

Inflammation of cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum

crepitation

Crackling or grating sound produced by bones or joints

dual x-ray absorptiometry

Imaging test used to measure bone mineral density and diagnose osteoporosis

fat embolus

Fat globule that enters the bloodstream and blocks a blood vessel

gout

Arthritic condition caused by uric acid crystal deposits in joints

hallux valgus

Bunion; deformity causing the great toe to angle toward the other toes

hemarthrosis

Bleeding into a joint space

hematopoietic

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

internal fixation

Surgical stabilization of a fracture using plates, screws, rods, or pins

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Chronic inflammatory joint disease occurring in children with no known cause

kyphosis

Exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine

laminectomy

Surgical removal of part of a vertebra called the lamina

lordosis

Excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine

lumbago

Lower back pain

malleolus

Bony prominence on either side of the ankle

manubrium

Upper portion of the sternum

metacarpals

Bones of the palm of the hand

metatarsals

Bones of the middle portion of the foot

multiple myeloma

Cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow

open fracture

Broken bone that penetrates through the skin

orthopedic surgeon

Physician specializing in surgical treatment of bones, joints, and muscles

orthotic

Supportive brace or device used to improve body alignment or function

osteitis

Inflammation of bone

osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint disease caused by cartilage wear

osteochondroma

Benign tumor made of bone and cartilage

osteomalacia

Softening of adult bones due to poor mineralization

osteomyelitis

Infection and inflammation of bone and bone marrow

osteopenia

Lower-than-normal bone density that may lead to osteoporosis

osteoporosis

Loss of bone density causing fragile bones and increased fracture risk

osteoporotic hip fracture

Hip fracture resulting from weakened osteoporotic bone

Paget's disease

Chronic bone disorder causing abnormal bone remodeling

pathologic fracture

Fracture occurring in bone weakened by disease

percutaneous vertebroplasty

Procedure in which bone cement is injected into a fractured vertebra to stabilize it

podiatrist

Physician specializing in disorders of the feet and ankles

polymyalgia rheumatica

Inflammatory disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips

prosthesis

Artificial device used to replace a missing body part

radiculopathy

Disease or injury affecting a spinal nerve root

rheumatoid arthritis

Chronic autoimmune disease causing inflammation of joints

rickets

Childhood disease causing soft, weak bones due to vitamin D deficiency

scoliosis

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine

spina bifida

Congenital defect in which the spinal column does not close completely

spinal stenosis

Narrowing of the spinal canal that compresses nerves

spiral fracture

Fracture caused by twisting forces, producing a spiral break

spondylolisthesis

Forward slipping of one vertebra over another

spondylosis

Degenerative changes affecting the vertebrae and spinal discs

subluxation

Partial dislocation of a joint

synovectomy

Surgical removal of a synovial membrane

vertebrae

Bones that make up the spinal column

cancellous

spongy bone, that is lighter and weaker than compact bone

colle's fracture

wrist fracture

Synovial joints

have a capsule, which contains synovial fluid

AC joint

made of acromion and clavicle

cruciate

ligaments found in the knee. They form a cross, which is where the name comes from.

osteotomy

surgical cutting of a bone

arthroplasty

surgical procedure to replace a worn hip joint is called THR or total hip ________.

percutaneous

going through the skin

osteonecrosis

death of the bone

DJD

degenerative joint disease

Fx

fracture

hem/o

blood

arthrocentesis

surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for examination

arthroscope

instrument used to visually examine a joint