lit an lang cat1

Phonology

Study of sound systems

Morphology

how words are formed and their internal structure

syntax

How words, clauses and sentences fit together

semantics

Meaning of words and sentences

pragmatics

the appropriate use of language in different contexts

content words

give meaning to language - e.g. nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs

function words

creates the grammatical relationship between content words to create meaning

Morphemes

The smallest units of meaning in a language.

inflectional morpheme

adds grammatical information without changing the word class (tense, plurality, possession and are always suffixes)

derivational morphemes

can change the meaning of words and sometimes class - e.g. kind to unking

Referential

using language to convey facts, info, or knowledge

emotive

using language to express emotions

conative

using language to persuade

phatic

social connections (greetings)

metalinguistic

awareness of how language is structured and used

poetic

focuses on the message

determiner

word that come before nouns and indicate their point of reference (the, some)

preposition

A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word (eachother

conjunction

words that connect sentences

pronouns

Replaces a noun. Examples: I, he, she, they, it, his

narrowing

word becomes less general over time

broadening

word becomes more inclusive over time

elevation

changes the word to more positive

meaning shift

the meaning has changed over time

deterioration

word becomes negative over time

shortening

creating a new word by removing parts of an existing word

compounding

uses 2 or more words to create a new word

acronym

A word formed from the first letter of each word in a series

blend

contains parts of words to create a new word

initialism

an abbreviation consisting of initial letters pronounced separately

commonisation

making something common. standard or universal

lexicology

study of form, meaning and behaviour of words

register

whether the text is formal or informal (and which parts of language help us to make this decision)

Cultural context

The values, attitudes and beliefs held by the participants when they use language, as well as the values, attitudes and beliefs of the wider community at the time and place the language happens.

situational context

The immediate circumstances in which language occurs.

E.g. setting, field, language mode, tenor and text type. 

field

Subject  matter  under discussion: E.g. soccer game.

tenor

The type of relationship between the participants which determines social distance