Campbell Biology Vocab

Ch. 2-3 Vocab test - CHemical bonds and Water's life supporting properties

Adhesion

H₂O molecules sticking to other molecules

Cohesion

H₂O molecules sticking to themselves

Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons, resulting in a stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between them.

Bonds between nonmetals

Hydrogen bond

Attraction between molecules (+)and(-)

“glues” water molecules together

Ionic bond

A bond between a metal and nonmetal

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins

Linked together by peptide bonds making a polypeptide

Carbohydrates

Primary energy source

Made up of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Disaccharides

Glucose +fructose —> sucrose + H₂O

2 monosaccharides

Enzymes

Speed up biochemical reactions

Fat

A type of lipid that serves as a long-term energy storage molecule

Hydrophilic

“water-loving” - will dissolve in water, not scared of it

Hydrophobic

Afraid of water

Ex: water + oil

Lipids

Key elements - Carbon, Hydrogen, (sometimes Nitrogen and phosphorus)

Stores energy

Structure - Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

macromolecules

a large, complex molecule essential for life, typically formed by the joining of monomers

monomer

building blocks of polymers

Ex: beaded braclet- single beads = monomer

Polymer

Many monomers together

Ex: beaded braclet- whole braclet = polymer

Peptide bond

Covalent bond that links two amino acids

Phosopolipids

2 fatty acids and one glycerol

cell membranes made of 2 phosopolipids - makes cell wall a barrier in water environments

polypeptide

long chain of amino acids

Polysaccharide

3+ monosaccharides - hydrophobic

Protein

Involved in nearly all functions of body

1,000’s of proteins, each with special function and structure 

Saturated fat

solid fats - bad for health - animal fats

Unsaturated fats

Liquid fats - better than saturated fats for body health - fish/plant oils

Trans fat

People liked saturated fats better, but unsaturated is healthier, so people made a combo that ended up being worse