1 - skin, hair, nails vocab

epidermis

outer layer, thin but tough

dermis

inner supportive layer

hair shaft

visible projecting part of hair

root

embedded below follicle

bulb matrix

where new cells are produced at high rate

vellus

fine hair that covers most of the body

terminal

darker, thick hair

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum, lubricates skin

forms emulsion

everywhere except palm and soles of feet

sweat gland

eccrine and apocrine glands

eccrine glands

• directly on skin surface

• produced diluted saline called sweat

• reduces body temp via evaporation

apocrine glands

• produce milky secretion and open into follicles

• axillae, genital area, nipples and navel

• emotional and sexual stimulation

• when mixed w bacteria, creates body odor

lanugo

newborn baby hair all over body (vellus)

vernix

cheesy substance on newborn for immunity

melasma

grey/brown patch on elder/pregnant women

senile purpura

when old people get purple (bruises)

keloids

abnormal type of scarring

puritis

itching

hypopigmentation

lighter than expected areas

hyperpigmentation

darker than expected areas

seborrhea

excessive oil production

xerosis

dry skin

alopecia

hair loss

hirsutism

too much hair growth (lady beards)

pseudo folliculitis

ingrown hair

edema

fluid accumulating in interstitial space

mobility

ease of skin to rise

turgor

ability to return promptly when released

poor turgor = dehydration, extreme weight loss

linear lesion

gyrate lesion

confluent lesion

grouped lesion

zosteriform lesion

annular lesion

discrete lesion

stage 1 - non blanchable erythema

Intact skin is red but unbroken. Localized redness in lightly pigmented skin does not blanch (turn light with fingertip pressure). Dark skin appears darker but does not blanch. May have changes in sensation, temperature, or firmness.

stage 2 - partial thickness skin loss

Loss of epidermis and exposed dermis. Superficial ulcer looks shallow like an abrasion or open blister with a red-pink wound bed. No visible fat or deeper tissue.

stage 3 - full thickness skin loss

PI extends into subcutaneous tissue and resembles a crater. See subcutaneous fat, granulation tissue, and rolled edges, but not muscle, bone, or tendon.

stage 4 - full thickness skin/tissue loss

PI involves all skin layers and extends into supporting tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone, and may show slough (stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue), rolled edges, and tunneling.

macules

solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, less than 1cm

ex; freckles, flat nevi, hypopig, petechlae

patches

macules that are larger than 1cm

ex; mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait spot

papules

something you can feel, caused by superficial thickening of the epidermis ,1cm

ex; moles warts

plaques

papules coalescing to form surface elevation wider than 1cm

ex; psoriasis

nodules

solid, elevated, hard, soft, greater than 1cm, may extend deeper into dermis than papule

tumors

larger in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis, may be benign or malignant

wheals

superficial, raised, transient and erythematous, irregular in shape due to edema

ex; mosquito bite, allergic reaction

urticaria

wheals coalesce to form extensive pruritic reaction

ex; hives

vesicles

elevated cavity containing fluid up to 1cm

ex; blisters, herpes, chicken pox, shingles

bullas

larger than 1cm, usually single chamber, superficial in dermis, ruptures easily

ex; burns, friction blister

cysts

encapsulated fluid filled cavity

pustules

pus in cavity that is circumscribed and elevated

ex; acne, impetigo