(BIO 223) Anatomy & Physiology I Lab Collection

what is connective tissue used for?

these cells are used for binding, support, protection, insulation, and transportation (usually blood)

Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Regular

Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Irregular

Connective Tissue Proper: Elastic

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose, reticular

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose, adipose

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose, areolar

What are epithelial cells used for?

used for providing cover for organs and protection, can secrete or absorb

Epithelia: Simple Squamous

Epithelia: Stratified Squamous

Epithelia: Simple Cuboidal

Epithelia: Simple Columnar

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Epithelia: Transitional

Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage

Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage

Connective Tissue: Fibrocartilage Cartilage

diffusion

The movement of solute across a semi permeable membrane

isotonic

even flow of concentartaion (low & high)

hypertonic

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration, leading to shrinkage

hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution, expands

osmosis

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

What is Cell Permeability?

The ability of a cell membrane to control the flow of substances in and out of the cell.

What is a thin sheet of material called when it only allows certain molecules to travel from one side to another?

Semi-Permeable Membrane

When water passes across a semipermeable membrane through osmosis, what direction along the concentration gradient does it travel?

up the concentration gradient, from low to high tonicity

When solute passes across a semipermeable membrane through diffusion, what direction along the concentration gradient does it travel?

down the concentration gradient, from high to low

Passive transport

a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

Active transport

a type of membrane transport that requires energy to move substances across cell membranes.

facilitated diffusion

diffusion of large molecules assisted by membrane proteins

Primary active transport

uses ATP directly to move molecules against the concentration gradient.

Secondary Active Transport

uses the energy from a primary active transport to move other molecules across the concentration gradient

superficial

towards the outside of body, surface

distal

away from the point of attachment

inferior

towards the bottom, away from head

deep

toward the inside of the body

posterior

towards the back; behind

lateral

away from the midline

caudal

toward the tail, away from the head

oblique plane

divides body at an angle, top to bottom (diagonally)

proximal

towards the point of attachment

superior

toward head; above

anterior

towards front; in front of

quadrupeds

animals that walk on all fours

frontal plane

Divides the body into front and back portions, front to back

transverse plane

line that divides the body into upper and lower sections, top to bottom

median plane

divides the body into equal left and right halves, left to right

apparatus

the technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose

appendicular

arms, legs

axial skeleton

head, neck, trunk

bipedal

animals that walk upright on 2 legs

what is catalase?

Enzyme used to break down Hydrogen peroxide, Optimal conditions for this enzyme are a pH 7, at 37C

what is an enzyme?

a protein that acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions, meaning it speeds up chemical reactions in living things, and is essential for all bodily functions

What does a positive result for glucose using benedicts solution look like?

green, yellow, orange/rusty

What does a positive result for NaCl using silver nitrate look like?

solution forms white precipitate forms or cloudiness

What does a negative result for Glucose using benedicts solution look like?

solution remains blue

What is the enzyme equation

Enzyme + Substrate → Enzyme Substrate Complex → Enzyme Product

(E + S → ES(complex) → E + P

What happens to catalase (or other enzymes) when they are heated beyond their ideal temperature

they denature, meaning they unravel and permanently lose their shape making them unable to be used as they no longer have the correct shape to bind with their substrates.

what does benedicts solution do?

it is a solution to test for glucose.

what is the name for NaCl?

sodium chloride

what does lugols iodine test for in a solution?

starch

What does a positive result for Starch using lugols iodine look like?

black or dark colored solution

What does a negative result for NaCl using silver nitrate look like?

no white or cloudiness, clear

What does a negative result for Starch using lugols iodine look like?

not black or dark colored, solution remains clear

Flask

Burette (or buret)

Finger Bowl

What Is left in the flask after the catalase reaction occurs

Oxygen, Water, Catalase

dorsal cavity

includes the cranial (brian) and vertebral (spine) cavities

visceral serosa

lines outside of organs

serosal fluid

fills space between visceral and parietal serosae, keeps organs from sticking

parietal serosa

tissue lining each ventral cavity

ventral cavity

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Cranial Cavity

Houses the Brain

Vertebral Cavity

Houses the spinal cord

Thoracic Cavity

Houses the vital organs, heart, lungs, etc. Contains the pleural, mediastinum, and pericardial cavities.

Diaphragm

muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Abdominal cavity

Houses the digestive system

Abdominopelvic cavity

Houses the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Pelvic cavity

houses urinary system and reproductive organs

Orbital cavity

houses the eyes

Nasal cavity

posterior and within the nose

oral and digestive cavities

mouth and cavities of the digestive organs

middle ear cavity

contains bones that transmit sound vibrations (ossicles)

synovial cavities

joint cavities

inferior orbital fissure

What is this?

Acetabulum

What Feature is this?

Acromion

What Feature is this?

Ala

What Feature is this?

anatomical neck

What is this?

anterior superior iliac spine

What is this?

body of sternum

What is this?

capitulum

What is this?

carotid canal

What is this?

Carpals

What is this?

Central Canal

What is this?

cervical curvature

What is this? (green)

Cervical Vertebrae

What is this?

Clavicle

What is this?

Clavicular Notch

What is this?

Coccyx

What is this?