Neural_Control__Coordination__Introduction_no_anno

Neuron

The basic specialized cell in the neural system responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted.

Resting potential

The electrical potential difference across a polarized neuron when it is not conducting any impulse.

Action potential

The change in electrical potential across the neuron membrane that occurs when the neuron is activated.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released from synaptic vesicles that transmit impulses across the synapse.

CNS (Central Nervous System)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing information and coordinating activity.

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

Includes all the nerves outside the CNS, responsible for transmitting information to and from the CNS.

Dendrites

The branching extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

Axon

The long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Myelin sheath

A fatty layer that insulates axons to speed up nerve impulse transmission.