Art Content and Analysis (5135)

This study guide is a couple of questions pulled from the exam pool that may or may not be on your Praxis 5135 test, good luck artist!

Warp and Weft

Warp is stretched fabric placed on a loom , weft is fabric woven through warp. Warp Threads must be stronger than weft threads for weaving purposes.

Tushe

Material used to create markings for a print on a stone plateor a printing surface. It is often a thick, oily substance that helps in transferring ink during the printing process.

Iconoclasm

Christian images were seen as idols, this opposed the olde testament that prohibited idolatry during the Byzantine Empire.

Aspect Ratio of 9 inches (Height) and 16 inches (Width)

16:9

Tutankhamen’s Death Mask Materials

was made with semi preacious stones, gold, and enamel

Fat over Lean

A painting technique where each layer of paint is applied with a higher oil content than the previous layer, preventing cracking. The layer above must be more flexible than the layer below.

Salon Style Exhibition

a style of exhibition where art work is hung at eye level, above eye level, and below eye level. This is to maximize the amount of artwork being shown.

Criticism of Environmental Art

Environmental art can permanently damage the land it was created on.

Isocephaly

A compositional technique in art where the heads of figures are aligned at the same height, creating a sense of harmony and balance.

Primary Colors

Red, Yellow, Blue

JPEG

a graphic file formate that can have a lossy compression on the image

Why might oil paint crack on a canvas?

Primer was not applied to the surface before painting.

Eugène Delacrox, Theódore Gericault and Thomas Colde are part of what group?

Romanticism

Glassine Paper

a smooth, glossy paper used for protecting artwork and documents.

Jute

a strong, coarse fiber often used in making burlap and canvas. It is made naturally and not by man.

Freso

pigments mixed with water when applied to wet plaster to create wall paintings.

Primer purposes

primer protects oil paint from deteriorating raw canvas

Purpose of Ancient Egypt Artwork

Mostly used to create depictions for tombs and religious cermonies for the after life.

Mounting Corners are good for

for a image, mat, or mat board when temperature fluctuations causes expansion when combined with moisture. This product also not damage the art work.

Float Mounts are used for

when a image/ artwork reaches all the way to the edge.

What Pigment is considered toxic?

Yellow Chrome

Fluxus Art Movement

characterized by conceptual performances and emphasis on the process rather than the product

Who all established Watercolor as a independent medium?

Thomase, Girtin, Turner, and Sandby

What are names for photographs positives on thin sheets

Tintype, Melainotype, Ferrotype

Romare Bearden

known for his detailed collages of african american life

PPI and DPI

pixels per inch, dots per inch

Ansel Adams

made black and white photos because he had better outcomes on the prints.

How many megabytes are in a gigabyte?

1,000 megabytes

Why are some precious metals often mixed with alloys or placed rhodium?

Strengthen the base metal

Byzantine Art

christian art of the eastern roman empire during the 5th century

New York School

in the 1940s these artist all were similar in age, worked on wpa project and believed artist had their own individual styles and theories of art.

What is true about Depth of Field?

a wide aperture makes a smaller depth of field or a small apeture makes a large depth of field

Water color binder

Gum Arabic

Hammer and Chisel

a tool used to roughing out the first steps of a sculpture

Frank Stella did this to remove expressive content from his work

eliminated brushstrokes, gesture, and the definition of the surface

Triadic colors sheme

Green, Purple and Orange fall into what color sheme

Muralism Art movement in Latin America focused on what?

political and social justice

Additive Sculpture Process

casting, modeling and assembling

Which Printer produces the best quality of photos prints?

Inkjet

Hierarchical Proportion in Egypt

important people were depicted as larger to signify status

Mediums that can be added to paint for consistency

tempera, oil medium, and turpentine

Tetradic

a color pallet that used four colors , arrange in two pairs for complimentary colors.

Triadic

A color pallet that uses three colors that are evenly spaced on the color wheel

Which artist exemplified Mannerism?

El Greco

Analogous

is a group of colors that are next to each other on the color wheel

arabesque

type of decorative motif in islamic architectural mosaics

Tesserae

mosaics made bits of colored stone glass or shell

Tracery

stone armature decorating windows

Hudson River School 1852

First American school of painting

Avante Garde

any artistic group or style which is considered to be significantly ahead of the time in a subject matter, application, and technique

Vanguard

a group of people leading the way in new developments

Odalisque

the reclining, recumbent, female nude/ harem girl

L”Art Brut

Crude or Raw coined by Du Buffet

Dori, corinthian, ionic

three types of columns in ancient greek culture

Benin Sculpture

refers to works made out of bronze material, wood, ceramics, ivory, and leather cloth.

Mies Van der ro Behrens said

Less is More

Linear Perspective

seeing lines on objects from various angles converge and diverge, creates a illusion of space

Alabaster

Smooth and translucent soft workable material that is weather protected

Scumbling

a painting technique that involves applying a broken layer of paint over another layer to create texture and subtle effects

Frieze

a sculpted richly ornamented band typically seen on furinture/ building

Alla Prima

wet on wet painting

Albrecht Durer

first to use printmaking during renaissance

Van Eyck

who invented oil painting

Sistine Chapel

A fresco painting by Michelangelo took 4 years to complete and has 343 figures (Celiling)

Titan

established oil paint on the canvas

Limestone Temple of Apollo at Corinth

Greek Archaic 7 standing columns, all that remains of this architectural wonders

Kylix

a round plate from ancient greek art

Rodin

first modern sculptor

Brancusi

20th century greatest modern Sculptor

Contrapposto

the principle of weight shift in which shift in which the weight of the body rest on one leg

Chiaroscuro

the distribution of light an shadow in a art work

Masaccio

founder of early renaissance painting

International Gothic

art period during 14th 15th century that focuses on decorative style rich color, gold decoration,spatially illogical yet naturalistic in details.

Donatello and Masaccio

Who laid the ground works for 3D realism in the Renaissance

Principles of Design

balance, contrast, movement, pattern, emphasis, rhythm, unity

Principles of Art

color, texture,form,shape,space,line, value

Rule of Thirds

composition technique used for 2d art forms, involves dividing image into 3 equal parts

Mezzotint

printmaking technique that creates tones using a copper plate, artist work from dark to light

Collography

printmaking technique which materials of various textures are attached to the surface

Astria

Venus of Willendorf symbolized pre historical ideal female figures focusing on fertility

Mesopotamia Art

4,000 b.c - 6,000 b.c included eshnunna statuettes that embodied worshipers, stiff sculptural forms often depicted with their left foot forward.

Hammurabi’s Written Law

first version written law for group or civilization; coined the phrase “an eye for an eye” law was fair and also induced taxes

Egyptian Era

3,600-400 b.c popularized style where you see the full body but only from the side, included drawings,sculptures, and jelwerry often intended for ceremonies focusing on their religion and the after life.

Greek geometric

900–600 BC ,Geometric shapes were used to create human and animal figures, as well as abstract decor 

Greek Archaic

700-500 B.C known for its rigid, front-facing posture, which is known as the kouros stance, where the figure stands with one foot slightly forward. The sculptures also emphasize geometric patterns, stylized hair, and a smile-like expression which symbolizes vitality.

Greek Hellenistic

323–146 B.C.E, including the wounded and defeated, and the very young and very old. A new interest in drama and engaging the viewer also characterizes this period. Was known for its naturalistic approach to the human form.

Greek Classical

480- 323 is characterized by depictions of deep and extreme emotions. Additionally, emphasizes the ideal human form as well as the importance of natural and aesthetically pleasing proportions.

trompe lòeil

to produce the optical illusion

Roman Art

500 b.c - 500 A.D was characterized by smooth lines, elegant drapery, idealized nude bodies, highly naturalistic forms, and balanced proportions

Pantheon

a worship place for gods, during this period.

Medieval Art

900- 1300 AD including iconography, Christian subject matter, elaborate patterns and decoration, bright colors, the use of precious metals, gems, and other luxurious materials, stylized figures, and social status.

Mannerism

emerged as a reaction to the High Renaissance, ideals such as man not being the center of the universe. Still, the earth revolves around the sun—distortion of the human figure, a flattening of pictorial space, and a cultivated intellectual sophistication. El Greco was an influential artist of this period.

Renaissance Art

1400-1600 A.D , rebirth of interest in classical learning and arts, artist looked to the past for inspiration, characterized by usage of naturalism, attempt to portray figures realistically, studied human anatomy and perspective.

Leonardo Da Vinci

Renaissance man is known for his high knowledge of astronomy, architecture, art, literature, anatomy, and more. Famous works include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Michelangelo

Master of anatomy, fame was achieved in his lifetime, accomplished great feats in Art, Sculpture, and Architecture.

School of Athens

Painted by Raphael, skillful compositions and mastery in perspective.

Baroque Art

1600-1725 is characterized by drama, movement, and emotional intensity. It often depicts intense moments and uses contrast, rich colors, and dramatic lighting.

Artemesia Gerdilescri

a celebrated female artist from the baroque period, she created works from the female perspective.

Neoclassicism Art

1760-1830 AD, was the attempt to revive classical greek style and depart from the baroque style, Characterized by serious, stoic , heroic, smooth surfaces with no visible brushstrokes. Shallow space, somber colors, and restraint.

Neoclassicism coincided with

the age of enlightenment/ age of reason