Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Java Programming

Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Java Programming.

What does SDK stand for?

Software Development Kit

What does SE stand for in Java SE?

Standard Edition

What does EE stand for in Java EE?

Enterprise Edition

What does ME stand for in Java ME?

Micro Edition

What is Moore’s Law?

The observation that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles about every two years.

What is a data hierarchy?

The organization of data in a structured manner from less complex to more complex.

What are the five levels of a data hierarchy?

1. Bit 2. Byte 3. Field 4. Record 5. File

What are the six sections of a computer?

1. Input 2. Output 3. Storage 4. Processing 5. Control Unit 6. Memory

What are the three general types of programming languages?

1. Machine language 2. Assembly language 3. High-level language

What is an assembler?

A program that converts assembly language into machine code.

What is a compiler?

A program that translates high-level source code into machine code.

What is an interpreter?

A program that executes instructions written in a programming or scripting language.

What is the meaning of the statement: 'Almost any can be reasonably represented as a software object in terms of and .'

entity, properties, behaviors

What is the role of a class in programming?

A program unit that houses the set of methods that perform a class's tasks.

What is instantiation?

The creation of an instance of a class.

What is software reuse?

The practice of using existing software components in new applications.

What is a method call?

An expression that invokes a method to perform an action or operation.

What is an instance variable?

A variable defined in a class for which each instantiated object of the class has its own value.

What is encapsulation?

The bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data.

What is information hiding?

A principle of restricting access to the internal state of an object.

What is inheritance?

A mechanism where a new class acquires the properties and behaviors of another class.

What is an operating system?

Software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides services for computer programs.

What is a kernel?

The core part of an operating system that manages system resources.

What company created the Java language?

Sun Microsystems.

What was the original key goal of Java?

To allow developers to write code that could run on any platform without modification.

What happened in the mid-1990s to encourage the development of Java programs?

The rise of the internet and the need for platform-independent applications.

What are the Java APIs?

A set of classes and interfaces that provide standard functionality for Java programming.

What does API stand for?

Application Programming Interface.

What extension do Java files end with?

.java

What does IDE stand for?

Integrated Development Environment.

What does the 'javac' program do?

It compiles Java source code into bytecode.

The Javac program produces a file with what extension?

.class

What are bytecodes?

Intermediate representations of Java programs that can be executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

What does JVM stand for?

Java Virtual Machine.

What does the JVM do?

It executes Java bytecode, allowing Java programs to run on any platform.

What does HTML stand for?

HyperText Markup Language.

What are the five steps in creating a Java program?

1. Define the problem 2. Design the program 3. Write the code 4. Test the program 5. Maintain the program.