Chapter 7- Periodic Properties of the Elements

What is periodicity?

The repetitive pattern of a property for elements based on atomic number

What is the effective nuclear charge?

• The total amount of attraction that an electron feels for the nucleus

• Z (eff) = Z (atomic number) - S (screening constant)

• Increases across a period/Decreases down a group

What is the nonbonding atomic radius/van der Waals radius?

• Half of the shortest distances separating two nuclei during a collision of atoms

• Decreases from L to R across a period/Increases from top to bottom of a group

What is an isoelectric series?

• Ions have the same number of electrons

• Ionic size decreases with an increasing nuclear charge

What is ionization energy?

• The minimum energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of a gaseous atom or ion

• _ Ionization Energy (IE1)- that energy required to remove the first electron

• Decreases down a group/Increases across a period

What is electron affinity?

• The energy change accompanying the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom

• Increases across a period

What are the properties of metals?

• Shiny luster

• Conduct heat/electricity

• Malleable/ductile

• Solids at room temperature

• Low ionization energies/form cations easily

What are the properties of nonmetals?

• Solid/liquid/gas

• Dull

• Brittle

• Poor conductors

• Large negative electronegativity/forms anions readily

What are metalloids?

• Characteristics of metals and nonmetals

• Several are electrical semiconductors

• Useful in electronic devices (ex- computer chips)