Nursing Lecture: Urinary System Elimination and Management

50 Question and Answer flashcards covering urinary system anatomy, procedures, catheter care, incontinence types, and clinical nursing interventions based on the lecture.

What hormone is primarily produced by the kidneys to stimulate the production and maintenance of red blood cells?

Erythropoietin

What is the kidney function mnemonic referenced in the lecture handout?

AWAC bed

What is considered the number one hospital-acquired infection (HAI)?

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

How is a Koch Pouch created by a surgeon, and how is it initially emptied?

It is formed from the ileum and emptied using a straight catheter every 2 to 3 hours initially.

How does a patient void urine when they have a continent neobladder?

By straining using the Valsalva maneuver.

What temporary incontinent urinary diversion involves attaching a tube from the renal pelvis of the kidney directly to an abdominal wall stoma?

Nephrostomy

What are glomeruli?

Tiny blood vessels that serve as the cleaning units of the kidney.

At what age range do children usually develop urinary elimination control?

Around 4 to 5 years of age.

Which hormone released during pregnancy causes relaxation of the sphincter muscle?

Relaxin

Which specific exercises help tighten pelvic floor muscles to prevent stress incontinence?

Kegel exercises

What effect do antihistamines and anticholinergics have on the urinary system?

They cause urinary retention.

What color change can phenazopyridine (benzopyridine) cause in urine?

Orange or red.

What urine color change is associated with amitriptyline?

Greenish-blue

What color does Levodopa turn urine?

Very dark.

What color can riboflavin (vitamin B2) turn urine?

Bright yellow.

Why are females more prone to urinary tract infections than males?

Female urethras are shorter, placing the urethral meatus closer to the anus.

What is the most common bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections?

E. coli

What is typically the first sign of a urinary tract infection in older adults?

Mental status changes or confusion.

What is the standard daily fluid intake recommendation to keep patients hydrated and prevent UTIs?

2,000 to 3,000 mL per day.

What is a simple, non-invasive nursing action to help relieve urinary retention in a male patient with an enlarged prostate?

Stand the patient up and walk him around.

What diagnostic X-ray test determines the size, shape, and position of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder?

A KUB X-ray.

What procedure uses a small, lighted scope passed up the urethra into the bladder to check bladder walls and take biopsies?

Cystoscopy (using a cystoscope)

What type of bedpan is used for surgical patients with a broken hip or leg cast who cannot sit upright?

Fracture pan

What minimal urine output threshold should be reported to the provider as a sign of impaired kidney function?

Urinating less than 30 mL within two hours.

How should a sterile urine specimen be collected from an indwelling catheter that has been in place for a few days?

Clamp below the port, scrub the hub, and pull the specimen with a needleless syringe directly from the sampling port.

What must be done with the first voided specimen when starting a 24-hour urine collection?

Discard the first voided urine specimen.

Where must a 24-hour urine collection container be kept throughout the collection duration?

In the refrigerator or on ice.

What must happen if a patient misses collecting a single void during a 24-hour urine test?

The test must be completely restarted from the beginning.

What is the typical catheter gauge size used for female patients?

10 to 14 French.

What catheter materials should be selected for a patient with a latex allergy?

Teflon or silicone.

What alternative cleansing agents can be used during catheter insertion for patients with an iodine allergy?

Chlorhexidine or Hibiclens.

Where must an indwelling catheter drainage bag be attached to maintain safety and gravity drainage?

To a non-movable part of the bed below the level of the bladder.

How often should a PureWick female external catheter be changed?

Every 8 to 12 hours, or immediately if soiled.

What should a nurse do if no urine return is obtained when inserting an indwelling catheter into a female patient?

Leave the catheter in place in the vagina as a marker, obtain a new sterile kit, and insert a new catheter directly above it.

What is the standard position for a female patient during catheter insertion?

Dorsal recumbent position.

How far should an indwelling catheter be inserted into a male patient's urethra before inflating the balloon?

All the way to the bifurcation of the catheter.

What volume is used to inflate the retention balloon on a standard indwelling Foley catheter?

A 10 cc (mL) balloon.

How long after an indwelling Foley catheter is discontinued should the nurse monitor the patient for infection?

24 to 48 hours.

Within how many hours after catheter removal must a patient void before retention is suspected?

Within 6 to 8 hours.

What does the abbreviation CAUTI stand for?

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

At what fullness level should an indwelling catheter bag be emptied?

When the bag is half full.

What type of incontinence involves involuntary urine leakage caused by laughing, sneezing, or coughing?

Stress incontinence

Which bladder muscle contracts during voiding to expel urine and can cause urge incontinence when overactive?

Detrusor muscle

What term describes a weak, limp bladder resulting from chronic overflow urinary incontinence?

Flaccid bladder (or neurogenic bladder)

What type of incontinence is characterized by involuntary loss of urine without warning due to central nervous system lesions or stroke?

Reflex urinary incontinence

What type of urinary incontinence occurs due to factors such as impaired mobility, dexterity, cognition, or motivation?

Functional incontinence

What medical term is used for nighttime bedwetting?

Nocturnal enuresis

What technique involves applying manual pressure to the bladder area to help expel urine?

Credé maneuver

What type of catheter is surgically inserted through the abdominal wall above the pubic bone into the bladder?

Suprapubic catheter

Before administering antispasmodic or anticholinergic medications for bladder urgency, what medical history condition must be ruled out?

Glaucoma (due to the risk of increased intraocular pressure).