Industrial Revolution and the Populist Movement

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on the Industrial Revolution, technological innovations, and the Populist Movement in the United States.

What effect did technological innovations in farming have on employment?

They reduced the number of jobs available in agriculture.

What were enclosures in the context of the agricultural revolution in England?

The consolidation of many small farms into larger, more efficient operations run as one entity.

What was the impact of enclosures on the labor force?

Many farmers were forced off the land and migrated to cities in search of work, contributing to the industrial revolution.

What material became a primary component in construction during the 1820s and 1830s?

Steel.

How did the Bessemer process affect the use of steel in construction?

It made steel lighter and stronger, facilitating the construction of steel buildings and skyscrapers.

What did the Populist Movement advocate for regarding railroads?

Railroad regulations for prices, as farmers felt they were being overcharged for shipping.

How did the Civil War influence technological innovation in industry?

It spurred new technological innovations.

How did industries shift after the Civil War?

They transitioned from wartime production (e.g., weapons) back to producing goods for the civilian economy (e.g., farm equipment).

What was the impact of the transcontinental railroad on the United States?

It linked the country, facilitated economic and population growth, and improved transportation and communication.

Why did farmers want more railroad regulations?

They were being overcharged for shipping their goods, particularly grains.

What was a major consequence of westward migration regarding Native Americans?

Increased resistance and conflict, leading to Native American wars.

What was the purpose of Native American boarding schools like Carlisle?

To assimilate Native Americans into American culture by suppressing their native culture, language, and traditions.

What was the slogan associated with the treatment of natives in boarding schools?

Kill the Indian, save the man.

What was the main goal of the "New South" movement after Reconstruction?

To diversify the Southern economy by increasing its emphasis on infrastructure and industry, while still recognizing agriculture as number one.

What agricultural systems continued to dominate the South's economy?

Sharecropping and tenant farming.

What legal precedent legalized segregation in 1896?

Plessy versus Ferguson established the separate but equal doctrine.

What were Jim Crow laws?

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Which political entity modeled some of its segregationist legislation after Jim Crow laws?

The Nazi regime in Germany with the Nuremberg Laws

What is the gilded age?

Period of time when on the outside, everything seems great. Underneath, society's rotting from within with poverty, crime, pollution, greed, all of this.

What are Robber Barons?

Greedy, cut wages, and profit driven

What are Captains of Industry?

Business titans and business tycoons pushing advancement.

What is a trust?

Holding companies for within a certain field and then ultimately use that to be able to dominate said field.

What is a monopoly?

When you control all aspects of a field.

What did the United States look for outside of The US?

Economic imperialism, looking, for resources to exploit.

What is a labor union?

An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

What happens to the views of workers because of these strikes?

They start to be looked at as radical socialists, anarchists, and also associated with immigrants.

For the Chinese Exclusion Act who was excluded?

Working age Chinese males.

What are ghettos?

These neighborhoods where people, similar ethnic backgrounds, they would live together.

What is Social Darwinism?

Social hierarchy and ranking of the races.

What was going on with the urban political machines?

These corrupt city institutions doing, trying to stay in power, and they would kind of use the immigrants to stay in power. And then a lot of, like, the shady practice with the voting, but they would give back with, like, the jobs and things like that so the immigrants would continue to support them.

What did the Gospel according to Andrew say?

Invest in programs that help the poor achieve.

Make progress, making changes in response to issues created what?

Progressive Era