ANSC 1401 Lab Final

Does bos indicus or bos taurus cattle marble better?

Bos Taurus

What is the calculation for a benchmark ribeye area for sheep?

Live Weight x 0.02

What is the calculation for a benchmark ribeye area for cattle?

Live Weight x 1.1 / 100

How does the yield grade calculation in sheep vary from cattle?

Muscling does not contribute to sheep, only fat thickness

Which two yield grades do most of the cattle harvested fall into?

2 or 3

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining marbling?

Fat

Where is the major blindspot in most livestock?

Directly behind them

What would cause cattle to stop when moving through a handling facility?

Shadows/lighting, corners, change in elevation, drains

Which type of head gate was used during the lab in the back of the arena?

Self Catch, head fits but body doesn't

What kind of animals (ruminant/ non ruminant) contains one true stomach?

Both have a true stomach

Which method of castration is used at the Texas Tech Research Farms Beef Center?

Banding-done within 6 hours of birth

What type of animals (ruminant/ non ruminant) possess a population of microbial bacteria in their GI tract in order to aid in the fermentation of cellulose?

They both do. The entire tract GI tract has microbial bacteria but one is post and one is pre

What type of animals (ruminant/ non ruminant) possesses a pre-gastric fermentation vat?

Ruminant

Is grading an involuntary or voluntary process that every aspect of the poultry industry must undergo?

Voluntary

To increase traits in egg poultry production what breeding practices are utilized?

Line breeding

How many layers make up the albumen?

2 layers - Thick and Thin

What is the name of the structure that supports the reproductive tract?

Broad Ligament

What is a severe build up of scar tissue on the liver referred to as?

Cirrhosis

Labia Minora

Inner Lips

Labia Majora

Outter Lips

Vestibule

Common pathway of reproductive and urinary tract

Terminal portion of the vagina

Site of urethral opening

Vagina

Copulatory organ and birth canal

Site of sperm deposition in cow, ewe & doe

Contains many mucosal glands Lubrication

Made of highly elastic muscle and connective tissue

Cervix

Separates the vagina from the uterus

Site of semen deposition in the mare and sow

Usually a single structure except in species with duplex or didelphic uteruses

3 Functions:
-Prevents contamination of the uterus
-Serves as a sperm reservoir
-Produces cervical mucous

Which animals have a cervical shape of annular rings?

Cows and Ewes

Which animals have a cervical shape of a corkscrew?

Pigs

Which animals have a cervical shape of mucosal folds?

Mares

Utrerus

Produces Hormones

Site of placental attachment

Functions:
-Muscle contractions
-Absorption and phagocytosis
-Partially prepares sperm for fertilization
-Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth
-Hormone production

Bicornate Uterus

-2 Horns
-No body
-1 Cervix
-1 Vagina

Cattle, sheep, goats, swine dogs

Bipartite

-2 Horns
-1 Body
-1 Cervix
-1 Vagina

Horses

Oviducts (fallopian/uterine tubes)

Paired structure that connect the ovaries and the uterus

Transport ova and sperm

Ovaries

Primary sex organs in the female

Produces female gametes

Produces hormones

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

LH, FSH release

Hypothalamus

Gonadotropins

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Anterior Pituitary

Steroids Hormones

Androgens - Testosterone

Estrogen - Estradiol

Progestin - Progesterone

Prostaglandins

PGF2a

Pork loin blade roast

Pork loin top loin chop

Pork loin rib chop

Pork ham center slice

Pork loin blade chop (bone in)

Pork loin blade chop (boneless)

Pork belly slab bacon

Beef ribeye steak (boneless)

Beef brisket

Beef chuck top blade/ flat iron

Beef tenderloin steak

Beef rib eye roast boneless

Beef plate skirt steak

What occurs in the magnum of the chicken?

The yolk spends about 3 hours and is covered by 40% of the albumen.
It'll then begin to spin and creates the chalazae that is just in front of and just behind the egg.
This keeps the yolk in the center.

Beef loin top loin steak boneless

Beef loin Tri tip roast

Lambs loin loin chops

Lamb breast Denver style ribs

Lamb shoulder arm chop

Lamb rib roast frenched

Lamb loin loin roast

What is the term for an animal's "bubble" which handlers use to move livestock?

Flight Zone

What is the proper site to give injections to cattle?

In the neck, subcutaneously with a 5/8-3/4" needle. If more than one injection, then they need to be 4 inches apart.

Beef loin t-bone

Why is the neck the common site for injections?

Because there it does not contaminate the meat that we eat.

Horses utilize what fermentation in order to digest higher fiber feed stuffs?

Post-gastric

Is the cecum larger and more complex in omnivores or carnivores?

The cecum is more complex in omnivores because it has to digest more cellulose.

What type of GI tract anatomy do horses have?

Monograstic (specialized)

What is the inner most portion of the Kidney called?

Renal pelvis

What substances do the kidneys regulate within the body?

The kidneys job is to remove waste and excess fluid in the body. This excess fluid is urine.

The kidneys also regulate the ones listed
-Glucose
-Salts
-Potassium
-Other Liquid Wastes
-Red blood cell formation
-Regulate blood pressure
-Control calcium metabolism

Which chamber of the heart has to use more pressure to pump blood? (What side works harder)

The left ventricle has to work harder because there is more resistance in the systematic arterial systems (blood vessels supplying blood to body) than the pulmonary arterial system (blood vessels that deliver blood to the lungs from the right ventricle).

Which chamber receive oxygenated blood from the lungs?

The left atrium and left ventricle.

What are functions of the liver?

Filters the blood

Produces enzymes

Produces bile
-Gallbladder stores it

Regulate glycogen

What is the structure that supports the yolk inside the egg?

The Albumen

What structures prevents back flow between the chambers of the heart?

4 different valves:
-pulmonary
-tricuspid
-aortic
-mitral

The right ventricle of the heart pumps blood directly to where?

The lungs through the pulmonary artery.

The left ventricle delivers blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

What type of GI tract anatomy do cattle have?

Ruminant

Do white leghorns chickens make up the majority of the broiler industry?

No, Plymouth rock and Cornish

What makes up the shell of the egg?

Calcium carbonate and crystals of calcite form and grow on the outer shell membrane.

3 types of digestion

Monogastric- pig

Specialized monogastric- horse

Ruminant- cattle

Does reducing particle size via mastication allow for greater digestion by way of digestive enzymes?

No, because mastication is a mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth by way of tongue. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food.

What type of GI tract anatomy do pigs have?

Monogastric

Cattle utilize what fermentation in order to digest higher fiber feed stuff?

Pre-gastric

What would be an appropriate state of mind to handle cattle?

Calm