Vocab APUSH 7 part 1

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

A 1911 factory fire in New York City that killed 146 workers, leading to workplace safety reforms.

Conservationism

A movement advocating for the responsible use and protection of natural resources.

Hetch Hetchy Valley

A valley in Yosemite National Park that became the site of a controversial dam project in the early 1900s.

Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.

Bully Pulpit

A term describing the president's platform to influence public opinion and policy, popularized by Theodore Roosevelt.

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's domestic policy focused on consumer protection, corporate regulation, and conservation.

Elkins Act

A 1903 law that prohibited railroad rebates and aimed to regulate unfair pricing practices.

Department of Commerce and Labor

A federal department established in 1903 to regulate business and labor conditions.

The Jungle (Book)

A 1906 novel by Upton Sinclair exposing the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry.

Meat Inspection Act

A 1906 law requiring government inspection of meat products to ensure sanitary conditions.

Pure Food and Drug Act

A 1906 law regulating food and medicine, prohibiting mislabeling and harmful additives.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

A 1909 law that raised tariffs on some goods, causing controversy among progressives.

Progressive Party

A political party founded by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912, advocating for reforms and direct democracy.

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's 1912 campaign platform advocating for strong federal government intervention in the economy.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's policy emphasizing small government, anti-monopoly laws, and economic competition.

Underwood Act

A 1913 law that reduced tariffs and implemented the first income tax under the 16th Amendment.

16th Amendment

A constitutional amendment (1913) allowing the federal government to collect income taxes.

Clayton Antitrust Act

A 1914 law strengthening antitrust regulations and protecting labor unions from prosecution.

Adamson Act

A 1916 law establishing an eight-hour workday for railroad workers.

Keating-Owen Act

A 1916 law prohibiting child labor in interstate commerce, later ruled unconstitutional.

Workmen's Compensation Act

A law providing financial assistance to workers injured on the job.

Progressivism

A reform movement advocating for political, economic, and social improvements.

Pragmatism

A philosophy emphasizing practical solutions over ideological rigidity.

Hull House

A settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago to assist immigrants and the poor.

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices in the early 20th century.

Civic Housekeeping

A concept advocating for women's political activism in social and urban reforms.

Segregation

The enforced separation of racial groups, particularly in the U.S. South under Jim Crow laws.

NACW (National Association of Colored Women)

A civil rights organization founded in 1896 to advocate for African American women.

Muller v. Oregon

A 1908 Supreme Court case upholding laws limiting women's work hours for health reasons.

Sheppard-Towner Act

A 1921 law providing federal funds for maternal and infant health programs.

Feminists

Advocates for women's rights and gender equality.

National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)

A suffrage organization founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Suffragists

Activists advocating for women's right to vote.

National Woman's Party (NWP)

A radical suffrage group led by Alice Paul, known for protests and hunger strikes.

19th Amendment

A constitutional amendment (1920) granting women the right to vote.

Tuskegee Institute

A historically Black college founded by Booker T. Washington to provide vocational education.

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

A civil rights organization founded in 1909 to fight racial discrimination.

WCTU (Women's Christian Temperance Union)

A group advocating for alcohol prohibition and social reforms.

18th Amendment

A constitutional amendment (1919) prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol.

Mann Act

A 1910 law prohibiting human trafficking and the transport of women for immoral purposes.

Eugenics

A pseudo-scientific movement advocating for controlled breeding to improve human genetics.

Jingoist

A person who advocates for aggressive nationalism and militarism.

Spanish-American War

A 1898 war between the U.S. and Spain, resulting in U.S. control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Cuba Libre

A Cuban independence movement against Spanish rule.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalist news reporting aimed at stirring public emotions, contributing to the Spanish-American War.

Teller Amendment

A 1898 U.S. policy stating that Cuba would not be annexed after the Spanish-American War.

Platt Amendment

A 1901 law allowing U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs and establishing Guantanamo Bay.

Anti-Imperialist League

A group opposing U.S. expansionism and colonial control.

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

A 1901 agreement giving the U.S. the right to build and control the Panama Canal.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy emphasizing military strength to enforce U.S. interests.

Roosevelt Corollary

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine allowing U.S. intervention in Latin America.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. policy ensuring equal trade opportunities in China.

Dollar Diplomacy

President Taft's foreign policy encouraging economic investment in foreign countries.