Orchestra Spring Final

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66 Terms

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Medival Era

500-1400

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Major composers of the Medival Era

Hildegard Von Bingen/Leonin

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Major forms of music of the Medival Era

Gregorian Chant, Organum, Motet, Troubaclor Songs

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Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Medival Era

Monophonic Texture, Modal System, Free Flowing Rhythm

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Renaissance Era

1400-1600

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Major Composers of the Renaissance Era

Josquin des Prez, Thomas Tallis, William Boyd

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Major forms of music of the Renaissance Era

Mass, Motet, Chanson, Madrigal

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Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Renaissance Era

Polyphony, Word Painting, Imitative Counterpoint, Homophony, use of modes

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Baroque Era

1600-1750

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Major Composers of the Baroque Era

Bach, Handel, Vivaldi

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Major forms of music of the Baroque Era

Opera, Oratorio, Cantata, Fugue, Suite, Concerto

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Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Baroque Era

Basso Continuo, Ornamentation, Figured Bass, Terraced Dynamics, Contrapuntal Texture, Dance Rhythms

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Classical Era

1750-1800

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Major Composers of the Classical Era

Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven

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Major forms of music of the Classical Era

Symphonic Form; 4 movements: Fast, Slow, Dance, Fast

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Musical and Stylistic Characteristics of the Classical Era

Clarity, Balance, Functional Harmony, Homophonic Texture

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Romantic Era

1800-1900

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Major Composers of the Romantic Era

Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Chopin, Lizst, Dvorak, Wagner

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Major Forms of Music of the Romantic Era

Symphony; 3 Movements - fast/slow/fast, Concerto

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Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Romantic Era

Expressive Melody, Emotionally Charged Harmonies , Nationalism, Folk Influences, Progammatic Content

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Modern/20th Century

1900-Present

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Major Composers of the Modern/20th Century

Schoenburg, Debussy, Copeland, Bernstein, Stravinsky

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Major forms of music of the Modern/20th Century

Minimalism, Impressionist, Musical Theater

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Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Modern/20th Century

Atonality, New Scales, Non-Traditional Instruments, Rhythmic Complexity

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Opera

Dramatic theatrical Work where a story is told through song

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Oratorio

Large-scale musical work for orchestra and voices, typically religious

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Concerto

solo instrument accompanied by an Orchestra

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Symphony

Band and Orchestra instruments (full orchestra), usually 4 movements

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Sonata

Solo instrument and Piano

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String Quartet

2 violins, 1 viola, and 1 cello

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Bach

Brandenburg Concertos

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Handel

The Messiah

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Vivaldi

Four Seasons

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Mozart

Magic Flute

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Beethoven

Moonlight Sonata/Symphony No. 9

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Mendelssohn

Violin Concerto

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Dvorak

New World Symphony

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Debussy

Claire de Lune

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Copeland

Appalachian Spring

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Bernstein

West Side Story

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Most prominent keyboard instrument during the baroque era

harpsicord

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keyboard instrument invented in the classical era

Piano

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Woodwind Instruments

Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon

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Brass Instruments

Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba

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Finger Pattern No 1

  • G String: G, A, B, C, D,

    • Half Step: B to C

  • D string: D, E, F#, G, A

    • Half Step: F# to G

  • A String: A, B, C#, D, E

    • Half Step: C# to D

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Finger Pattern No. 2

  • G String: G, A, Bb, C, D

    • Half Step: A to Bb

  • D String: D, E, F, G, A

    • Half Step: E to F

  • A String: A, B, C, D, E

    • Half Step: B to C

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Finger Pattern No. 3

  • G String: G, Ab, B, C, D

    • Half Step: G to Ab

  • D String: D, Eb, F, G, A

    • Half Step: D to Eb

  • A String: A, Bb, C, D, E

    • Half Step: A to Bb

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Finger Pattern No. 4

  • G String: G, A, B, C#, D

    • Half Step: C# to D

  • D String: D, E, F#, G#, A

    • Half Step: G# to A

  • A String: A, B, C#, D#, E

    • Half Step: D# to E

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Finger Pattern No. 5

  • G String: G, A, Bb, C# D

    • Half Step 1: A to Bb

    • Half Step 2: C# to D

  • D String: D, E, F, G#, A

    • Half Step 1: E to F

    • Half Step 2: G# to A

  • A String: A, B, C, D#, E

    • Half Step 1: B to C

    • Half Step 2: D# to E

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Chant

A short musical passage in two or more phrases used for unmetrical words

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Haydn

The Creation/Cello Concerto

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Tchaikovsky

Violin Concerto/Romeo and Juliet

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cantabile

in a singing style

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simile

similar or the same

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expressivo

to play expressively

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subito

suddenly

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frog

lower half of the bow

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d.c. al coda

go back to the beginning

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colle

finger only bowing

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marcato

in a march style

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legato

smooth and connected bows

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a tempo

return to the original tempo

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ritardando

LOOK UP/slow down

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spiccato

off the string bowing style

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staccato

spaced bows

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intonation

playing in or out of tune