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Medival Era
500-1400
Major composers of the Medival Era
Hildegard Von Bingen/Leonin
Major forms of music of the Medival Era
Gregorian Chant, Organum, Motet, Troubaclor Songs
Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Medival Era
Monophonic Texture, Modal System, Free Flowing Rhythm
Renaissance Era
1400-1600
Major Composers of the Renaissance Era
Josquin des Prez, Thomas Tallis, William Boyd
Major forms of music of the Renaissance Era
Mass, Motet, Chanson, Madrigal
Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Renaissance Era
Polyphony, Word Painting, Imitative Counterpoint, Homophony, use of modes
Baroque Era
1600-1750
Major Composers of the Baroque Era
Bach, Handel, Vivaldi
Major forms of music of the Baroque Era
Opera, Oratorio, Cantata, Fugue, Suite, Concerto
Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Baroque Era
Basso Continuo, Ornamentation, Figured Bass, Terraced Dynamics, Contrapuntal Texture, Dance Rhythms
Classical Era
1750-1800
Major Composers of the Classical Era
Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven
Major forms of music of the Classical Era
Symphonic Form; 4 movements: Fast, Slow, Dance, Fast
Musical and Stylistic Characteristics of the Classical Era
Clarity, Balance, Functional Harmony, Homophonic Texture
Romantic Era
1800-1900
Major Composers of the Romantic Era
Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Chopin, Lizst, Dvorak, Wagner
Major Forms of Music of the Romantic Era
Symphony; 3 Movements - fast/slow/fast, Concerto
Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Romantic Era
Expressive Melody, Emotionally Charged Harmonies , Nationalism, Folk Influences, Progammatic Content
Modern/20th Century
1900-Present
Major Composers of the Modern/20th Century
Schoenburg, Debussy, Copeland, Bernstein, Stravinsky
Major forms of music of the Modern/20th Century
Minimalism, Impressionist, Musical Theater
Musical/Stylistic Characteristics of the Modern/20th Century
Atonality, New Scales, Non-Traditional Instruments, Rhythmic Complexity
Opera
Dramatic theatrical Work where a story is told through song
Oratorio
Large-scale musical work for orchestra and voices, typically religious
Concerto
solo instrument accompanied by an Orchestra
Symphony
Band and Orchestra instruments (full orchestra), usually 4 movements
Sonata
Solo instrument and Piano
String Quartet
2 violins, 1 viola, and 1 cello
Bach
Brandenburg Concertos
Handel
The Messiah
Vivaldi
Four Seasons
Mozart
Magic Flute
Beethoven
Moonlight Sonata/Symphony No. 9
Mendelssohn
Violin Concerto
Dvorak
New World Symphony
Debussy
Claire de Lune
Copeland
Appalachian Spring
Bernstein
West Side Story
Most prominent keyboard instrument during the baroque era
harpsicord
keyboard instrument invented in the classical era
Piano
Woodwind Instruments
Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon
Brass Instruments
Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba
Finger Pattern No 1
G String: G, A, B, C, D,
Half Step: B to C
D string: D, E, F#, G, A
Half Step: F# to G
A String: A, B, C#, D, E
Half Step: C# to D
Finger Pattern No. 2
G String: G, A, Bb, C, D
Half Step: A to Bb
D String: D, E, F, G, A
Half Step: E to F
A String: A, B, C, D, E
Half Step: B to C
Finger Pattern No. 3
G String: G, Ab, B, C, D
Half Step: G to Ab
D String: D, Eb, F, G, A
Half Step: D to Eb
A String: A, Bb, C, D, E
Half Step: A to Bb
Finger Pattern No. 4
G String: G, A, B, C#, D
Half Step: C# to D
D String: D, E, F#, G#, A
Half Step: G# to A
A String: A, B, C#, D#, E
Half Step: D# to E
Finger Pattern No. 5
G String: G, A, Bb, C# D
Half Step 1: A to Bb
Half Step 2: C# to D
D String: D, E, F, G#, A
Half Step 1: E to F
Half Step 2: G# to A
A String: A, B, C, D#, E
Half Step 1: B to C
Half Step 2: D# to E
Chant
A short musical passage in two or more phrases used for unmetrical words
Haydn
The Creation/Cello Concerto
Tchaikovsky
Violin Concerto/Romeo and Juliet
cantabile
in a singing style
simile
similar or the same
expressivo
to play expressively
subito
suddenly
frog
lower half of the bow
d.c. al coda
go back to the beginning
colle
finger only bowing
marcato
in a march style
legato
smooth and connected bows
a tempo
return to the original tempo
ritardando
LOOK UP/slow down
spiccato
off the string bowing style
staccato
spaced bows
intonation
playing in or out of tune