Introduction to Web Technology – Vocabulary Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering core terms, technologies, protocols, languages, tags, and concepts introduced in the lecture on Web Technology, HTML, CSS, and XML. These flashcards are designed to help students recall definitions quickly while preparing for exams.

Internet

A worldwide network of computers that communicate using the TCP/IP protocol suite.

ARPANET

The 1969 U.S. Department of Defense network that became the precursor to today’s Internet.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A collection of linked information and multimedia resources on the Internet, invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.

Host (Internet)

A computer that transfers data on the Internet.

Web Hosting

The service or computer that stores websites and keeps them continually connected to the Internet.

Domain Name

A human-readable description of a computer’s Internet location, e.g., www.fss_ibadan.com.

Top-Level Domain (.com)

Domain suffix for commercial businesses.

Top-Level Domain (.edu)

Domain suffix for educational institutions.

Top-Level Domain (.gov)

Domain suffix for U.S. government agencies.

Top-Level Domain (.mil)

Domain suffix for U.S. military entities.

Top-Level Domain (.net)

Domain suffix for network organizations or ISPs.

Top-Level Domain (.org)

Domain suffix for non-profit organizations.

.biz

Top-level domain intended for businesses.

.info

Unrestricted top-level domain for informational sites.

.tv

Top-level domain associated with television and media.

DNS (Domain Name System)

The Internet’s “phonebook,” mapping domain names to IP addresses.

IP Address

A unique numerical label (e.g., 207.168.6.12 or 21DA:…) identifying a device on the Internet.

InterNIC

Agency that governs Internet name and host registration.

Home Page

The main or index page of a website.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

The address of an Internet resource used by web browsers.

URL Protocol

The part of a URL ending in :// such as http or https.

Port (Networking)

A logical channel a server listens on, e.g., Port 80 for HTTP.

Java

An object-oriented programming language by Sun Microsystems that runs on any platform via a virtual machine.

JavaScript

A scripting language by Netscape used to add interactivity to web pages.

JScript

Microsoft’s implementation of JavaScript.

Server (Web)

A computer and software configured to deliver web pages to clients.

Upload

To transfer data from your computer to another computer.

Download

To transfer data from another computer to your computer.

Browser

Software that displays web pages (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari).

Web Page

The document displayed in a browser when you visit a website.

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

A company or organization that provides Internet access.

Router

A device that directs network traffic from an ISP to local devices.

Email

Electronic mail—typed messages sent between computers.

Spam (Email)

Unwanted or unsolicited email messages.

Spam Filter

Software feature that attempts to block or segregate spam email.

Social Media

Online platforms that let users interact and share content (e.g., Facebook, Twitter).

E-Commerce

Buying and selling goods or services online.

Bookmark

A saved link to a favorite web page in a browser.

Cloud Computing

Online, on-demand software and storage accessed via the Internet.

Encryption

Mathematical scrambling of data to keep it private from eavesdroppers.

Authentication

The process of verifying a user’s identity, often linked with encryption.

Firewall

Hardware or software barrier that protects computers from unauthorized access.

Malware

Any malicious software such as viruses, Trojans, or key-loggers.

Trojan

Malware that masquerades as legitimate software to trick users into activating it.

Phishing

Fraudulent emails or sites that trick users into revealing sensitive data.

Blog

An online journal or column, often arranged chronologically and open to comments.

Chat

Real-time, text-based online communication between users.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

The data communication standard for web pages.

HTTPS

HTTP with an added encryption layer for secure communication.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

A protocol used to transfer files between computers on the Internet.

Cookie (Web)

Data stored on a user’s computer by a website to remember preferences or activity.

Instant Messaging (IM)

Synchronous text chat where users must be online simultaneously.

Portal

A gateway website offering multiple services such as search, news, and email.

Search Engine

Software (e.g., Google) that lets users search the web via keywords.

Telnet

A command for logging onto another computer remotely over the Internet.

Virtual Community

A group of people exchanging ideas online without necessarily meeting face-to-face.

WORM (Computer)

Self-replicating malicious program that depletes system resources.

Hyperlink

Clickable text, image, or graphic that leads to another web resource.

MPEG

Moving Picture Experts Group, a standard for compressing video and audio.

PHP

Hypertext Preprocessor—server-side scripting language for web development.

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

A markup language for storing and transporting data, focused on structure not presentation.

Website

A collection of related web pages or files under one domain.

Web Browser / Client

Software application that retrieves and renders web content for users.

Web Server

Computer(s) that store web pages and deliver them over HTTP/HTTPS.

Reference Link

A hyperlink inserted into a document that refers to a web page.

CMS (Content Management System)

Software for creating, editing, and managing digital content.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

Coding language that tells browsers how to display web content.

Hypertext

Text containing links to other documents or pages.

CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

Standard for transferring data between a web server and a program that processes it.

Notepad (HTML Context)

Simple text editor often used to write raw HTML code.

HTML Tag

A keyword enclosed in angle brackets defining structure or formatting in HTML.

Paired Tag

HTML element with both opening and closing tags (e.g.,

…

).

Unpaired Tag (Singleton)

HTML tag without a closing counterpart (e.g.,
).

Self-Closing Tag

Singleton tag written with a trailing slash, e.g., .

Formatting Tag

HTML tag used to style text, e.g., , , .

Structure Tag

HTML tag that defines document structure, e.g., , , .

Control Tag

HTML tag that manages user input or external content, e.g.,

,

Declaration that tells the browser the HTML version of the document.

Tag

Root element that encloses an entire HTML document.

Tag

Section providing meta-information about the web page.

Tag

Section containing the visible content of a web page.

Tag

HTML element defining a paragraph.

Tag

Generic block-level container used to group elements.

Tag

Inserts a line break in HTML text.

---

Tag

Creates a horizontal rule (line) across the page.

Heading Tags

to

elements that define headings of decreasing importance.

HTML Comment

Non-rendered note: .

Tag

Anchor element used to create hyperlinks; requires href attribute.

Tag

Embeds an image; key attributes: src, alt, width, height.

Tag

Deprecated tag that centers enclosed content.

 Tag

Displays pre-formatted text, preserving whitespace.

Tag

Deprecated tag for specifying font face, size, and color.

Tag

Non-standard tag that creates scrolling text or images.

Subscript Tag

_{renders text slightly below the baseline.}

Superscript Tag

^{renders text slightly above the baseline.}

Tag

Emphasizes text, typically italicized.

Tag

Indicates strong importance, typically bold.

or Tag

Displays text with a strikethrough line.

Tag

Indents and styles long quotations.

Ordered List (

)

Numbered list container in HTML.