Anatomy and Cell Biology Overview

A set of vocabulary flashcards defining key body cavities, anatomical planes, microscope components, and cellular organelles based on the transcript.

Cranial Cavity

The body cavity where the brain is located.

Spinal Cavity

The body cavity where the spinal cord is located.

Diaphragm

The muscular structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Abdominal Pelvic Cavity

The combined region that includes both the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.

Ventral Body Cavity

The lower body cavity area encompassing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

Greater Omentum

A flap of peritoneum fatty white tissue that drapes over the intestines, providing cushioning, adhering to wounds, and supplying immune cells.

Ascites

A condition characterized by a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity, commonly occurring in liver failure (cirrhosis) and heart failure.

Mediastinal Cavity

A cavity located within the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, large blood vessels, and the thymus gland.

Pleural Cavity

The space between the lungs and ribs containing fluid that provides lubrication and cushioning.

Pericardial Cavity

The cavity located between the wall of the heart and its outer membranes that contains fluid and air for cushioning.

Coronal Plane

The frontal body plane that cuts down the center to divide the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

Transverse Plane

The body plane that cuts across the middle to divide the body into top and bottom sections.

Sagittal Section

A plane cut down the middle that divides a structure into right and left sections.

Oculars

The eyepieces of a light microscope that you look through, which magnify the sample by $10\times$.

Fine Focus

The smaller knob on a microscope used to make small adjustments to sharpen the view of a slide.

Coarse Focus

The larger knob on a microscope that moves the stage up and down significantly to bring the sample into view.

Total Magnification

The total calculated magnification of a specimen, determined by multiplying the ocular lens magnification ($10\times$) by the objective lens magnification.

Plasma Membrane

The outer membrane surrounding an animal cell.

Cytoplasm

The watery substance within an animal cell in which all non-organelle structures and organelles float.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle in an animal cell where lipids are produced.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle studded with ribosomes where proteins are produced.

Centrioles

Small, circular, barrel-like structures within the cell that form part of the spindle network during mitosis and cell division.

Golgi Apparatus

The organelle that acts as the post office of the cell, applying post-modifications to items before sending them to their destinations.

Chromatin

Tightly packed DNA located within the nucleus, represented on cell models as wispy red strings.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP and energy for the cell.

Lysosomes

Organelles that act as the cell's trash cans by acidifying, destroying, and expelling or recycling broken or degraded proteins.

Peroxisomes

Organelles within an animal cell that produce $H_2O_2$.