Chapter 15 Lumio

Fats made up of lipids and proteins:

Lipoproteins

Fats which contain 3 fatty acids attached to 1 glycerol molecule:

Triglycerides

Exogenous triglycerides are found here:

Food Sources

Formula for calculation of VLDL:

triglycerides/5

Fat which transports 60-75% of plasma cholesterol:

LDL

Reference range for total cholesterol: =

40-200 mg/dl

VLDL are produced in what organ:

Liver

Fat what is major carrier of endogenous triglycerides:

VLDL

Lipid abnormality most closely associated with heart disease:

Hypercholestrolemia

Chylomicrons are produced in this organ:

Intestines

Fat that may aid in clotting which contributes to myocardial infarction and stroke:

Lipoprotein (a)

4 fractions of lipoproteins:

Chylomicrons, HDL, LDL, and VLDL

Formula for calculation of LDL:

Total Cholesterol-HDL-(Trig/5)

2 components that make up lipids:

Carbon and Hydrogen

Fats which cause turbidity in fasting plasma which is hyperlipidemic:

VLDL

Plaque development in the arteries of the brain:

CVD

Fats that are transported exogenous triglycerides:

Chylomicrons

What is associated with fatty streaks in arteries that is a precursor to arteriosclerosis?

LDL

Fat which takes excess cholesterol from ells and moves to liver?

HDL

Most daily fat a person ingests, absorbs, and transports are:

Triglycerides

What is the reference range for HDL?

40-75 mg/dl

Made up of 2 fatty acids and found on the surface of lipid layers is what?

Phospholipids

Substance usually measured when testing triglycerides:

Glycerol

Fat which maintains normal structure and integrity of cell membranes:

Cholesterol

Fat which forms a creamy layer on top of plasma:

Chylomicrons

Liver storage disease caused by accumulation of sphingomyelin:

Neimann-Pick Disease

What is the main type of oil in the body?

Triglycerides

What is responsible for delivery of exogenous cholesterol to peripheral tissues?

LDL

Active HDL which removes cholesterol from cells?

Discoidal

Abnormal accumulation of lipids in the feces:

Steatorrhea

What organs is HDL formed in?

Intestines and Liver

Fat which transport of triglycerides to peripheral cells:

Lipoproteins

What is the most common HDL in plasma?

Spherical

Plaque development in arteries of the heart:

CAD

What is the reference range for LDL?

50-130 mg/dl

Plant sources of triglycerides are usually in what form?

Oils

Plaque development in the arteries of arms and legs:

PVD

Lipid deposits in the skin:

Xanthomas

Patient should be in what state to test for triglycerides:

Fasting

Excess of this fat may lead to cardiovascular disease:

Cholesterol

What is the largest and least dense of the lipoproteins?

Chylomicrons

What substances make up the majority of fatty acids?

Triglycerides or phospholipids

What is considered the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries?

Arteriosclerosis

Fat which causes turbidity in postprandial plasma?

Chylomicrons

What disease are associated with abnormal lipid concentrations?

Dyslipidemias

What is the reference range for triglycerides?

60-150 mg/dl

Where are endogenous triglycerides found?

Liver and other tissues

What are the smallest and most dense lipoproteins?

HDL

What type of fatty acids are not commonly found in nature?

Trans Fatty Acids

What fat is synthesized primarily by animals?

Cholesterol

What fat aids triglyceride transport by lipoproteins?

Cholesterol

Wha form are animal sources of triglycerides usually in?

Solid at room temperature

What term is used to describe a decrease in lipoproteins in the blood?

Hypolipoproteinemia

What term is used to describe an increase of cholesterol in the blood?

Hypercholesterolemia

What term is used to describe an increase of lipoproteins in the blood?

Hyperlipoproteinemia

What term is used to describe an increased level of triglycerides?

Hypertriglyceridemia

What disease is associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia?

Tangier Disease

What does hypoalphalipoproteinema mean?

HDL levels are as low as 1-2 mg/dL