Exercise 12: Fruits

Fruits

matured or ripened ovaries that holds and protects the seeds until they mature, helps in the dissemination or dispersal of the seed

vegetables

Fruits does not only apply to those that have edible portion, but also those which are commonly referred to as ___________________.

Seeded or Seedless (parthenocarpic)

Fruits can be __________ or ______________.

Simple, Aggregate, Collective/Multiple

Classification of a Fruit according to the composition or number of flowers involved in their formation

Simple Fruit

develops from one ovary

Aggregate Fruits

develops from several ovaries of a single flower

Collective/Multiple Fruits

derived from several ovaries of several flowers or from the ovaries of a compact inflorescence

Fleshy, Dry

According to Structure, Consistency & Dehiscence

Fleshy Fruit

fruit that has a pericarp that is soft, juicy/pulpy or succulent

Dry Fruit

fruit that has a pericarp that is dry/papery upon maturity

Berry

A fleshy part derived from the ovary in which it is the entire ovary fleshy, enclosing several seeds

Hespiridium

A fleshy fruit derived from a fleshy ovary enclosing several seed that has a leathery rind/skin containing oil

Pepo

A fleshy fruit derived from the ovary enclosing many seeds that has a hard, thick rind

Drupe

A fleshy fruit in which the outer part of its ovary is fleshy, inner part stony and encloses one seed

Fleshy Drupe

A fleshy fruit in which the outer part of its ovary is fleshy, inner part stony that has a fleshy mesocarp enclosed within a stony endocarp (pit)

Fibrous Drupe

A fleshy fruit in which the outer part of its ovary is fleshy, inner part stony that has a fibrous mesocarp with its seed enclosed within a stony endocarp

Pome/Accessory Fruit

A fleshy fruit derived mainly from the torus; ovary surrounded by fleshy hypanthium (fleshy receptacle) which is the edible part

orange, calamansi

examples of hesperidium

Cucumber, watermelon

example of a pepo

peach

example of a fleshy drupe

coconut

example of a fibrous drupe

apple, pear

example of pome

Follicle

dehiscent fruit derived from one carpel and is splitting along one seam /suture

Legume/Pod

dehiscent fruit derived from one carpel and is splitting along two seams/sutures

Silique

dehiscent fruit derived from two carpels; has a persistent partition wall after spilitting

Capsule

dehiscent fruit derived from 2 or more carpels that is splitting in one of four different ways

Loculicidal

capsule that is splitting along the locule

septicidal

capsule that is splitting along the septa

poricidal

capsule that is splitting along the terminal pore

circumscissile

capsule that is splitting along a circular horizontal line

Kalachuchi

example of follicle

Chicharo, Peanut

example of legume/pod

Narrow Leaf Bittercress

example of silique

Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)

example of loculicidal

Calico Flower (Aristolochia littoralis)

example of septicidal

Opium (Papaver somniferum)

example of poricidal

Twinberry (Menodora scabra)

example of Circumscissile

Grain/Caryopsis

indehiscent fruits that has a seed inseparable from the fruit wall; one seeded fruit

Samara/Key

indehiscent fruit that has an seed separable from the fruit wall and its fruit have wings

Nut

Indehiscent fruit that has an seed separable from the fruit wall and its fruit have no wings with a hard fruit wall, one seeded

Achene

indehiscent fruit that has an seed separable from the fruit wall and its fruit have no wings with a thin fruit wall, one seed attached to ovary wall at one point

Schizocarp

indehiscent fruits where seeds are not coming out of fruit although united carpels spilt apart at maturity

Rice (Oriza sativa) and Corn (Zea mays)

example of grain/caryopsis

Narra (Pterocarpus indicus), Bagtikan, Palo Santo

example of samara/key

Pili Nut (Canarium ovatum) and Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale)

example of nut

Sunflower (Helianthus annus) and Strawberry (Fragaria sp.)

example of achene

Little mallow (Malva parviflora), Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota)

example of schizocarp

Aggregate Fruits

compound fruits from several ovaries of one flower massed on a common receptacle/many one-seeded achenes produced by a single flower

Collective/Multiple Fruits

compound fruit from several ovaries of several flowers of compact inflorescence

Strawberry Flower

example of Aggregate Fruit

Pineapple

example of a collective/multiple fruit