Cell Structure/Examining Animal and Plant Cells

BIOL 1106 - This does not go into detail about Animal and Plant Cells

Micrograph

A photograph taken through a microscope of a magnified specimen

Cell

The smallest unit of life that can function independently

Prokaryotic cell

A cell that lacks a nucleus

Eukaryotic cell

A cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bounded organelles and that tend to be larger than a prokaryotic cell

Cytoplasm

A fluid called the cytosol/all the cell contents between the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) and the cell membrane

Cell membrane

Lipid-rich bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm and contents of a cell and forms a boundary between the cell interior and its environment

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Nucleic acid that serves as the genetic material in all cells by encoding the information for the production of proteins and RNA

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Nucleic acid that is synthesized from DNA and is used at ribosomes to coordinate the synthesis of proteins

Ribosomes

Structures composed of RNA and protein that are the sites of protein synthesis

Organelles

Membrane-bounded compartments in eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions

Nucleus

Organelle that contains the DNA and acts as the command center of the cell

Rough ER (Rough endoplasmic reticulum)

Organelle that is a network of membranes studded with ribosomes and that plays a role in protein synthesis

Smooth ER (Smooth endoplasmic reticulum)

Organelle that is a network of membranes and is the site of lipid synthesis and the detoxification of certain drugs and poisons

Golgi apparatus

Organelle that is a stack of flattened sacs where proteins are modified, processed, and packaged for different locations in the cell or for export

Mitochondria

Organelle that carries out cellular respiration to produce ATP

Chloroplast

Organelle found in plant cells and some protist cells that carries out photosynthesis to produce sugars

Central vacuole

Organelle found in plant cells that is a large, fluid-filled sac for storing water and metabolites

Centrioles

Two short cylinders of proteins found in animal cells that help to organize microtubules

Cell wall

Outer layer on prokaryotic, plant, fungi, and many protist cells that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support, shape, and strength to the cell

What domains are prokaryotic cells found in?

Bacteria and Archaea

What domains are eukaryotic cells found in?

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista

What features are common to all cells?

Cell membrane, DNA, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes (CDCR)

What features are present in animal cells?

Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Smooth ER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum), Rough ER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Cytoskeleton, Centrioles

What features are present in plant cells?

Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Central Vacuole, Plastids, Plasmodesmata, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Smooth ER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum), Rough ER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum), Golgi Apparatus