5. Laboratory Information Systems

What is the primary purpose of a Laboratory Information System (LIS)?

To manage and streamline various processes and data involved in lab operations.

What does LIS stand for?

Laboratory Information System.

Define Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS).

A system that manages and transmits sample-centric information to provide accurate information to clinicians.

What are the key functions of computers in healthcare?

Data management, patient monitoring, and automation of analyzers.

What is one key aspect of LIS regarding sample management?

It tracks the progress of each sample from collection to analysis.

What key information does a Hospital Information System (HIS) manage?

Patient census information and demographics.

What is the importance of computer networks in healthcare?

They allow secure sharing of medical records between different hospital sites.

What tools are essential for the effective functioning of Laboratory Information Systems?

Computer software that processes, stores, and manages data.

What does HIS stand for?

Hospital Information System.

What are collection lists in the context of LIS?

Reports generated by LIS detailing specimens to be collected for testing.

What is auto verification in laboratory testing?

A process where software algorithms verify laboratory results without manual intervention.

Why is barcode labeling important in LIS?

It ensures proper identification and tracking of samples.

What does the acronym QC stand for in a laboratory context?

Quality Control.

What role does Middleware play in LIS?

It connects hardware systems and transmits results from analyzers to LIS.

What might happen if a specimen does not meet the auto verification criteria?

It will be held in middleware and require manual verification by an MLT.

What is a key characteristic of LIMS compared to LIS?

LIMS has a sample-centric focus.

What kind of data do laboratory storage devices manage?

Patient information, demographics, and QC data.

Describe the role of programming in LIS software.

It consists of encoded instructions that operate the computer hardware for data processing.

What is the purpose of specimen tracking in laboratory workflows?

To monitor the lifecycle of a sample from collection to results reporting.

Name a few main components of LIS software.

Test orders, results, and related medical information.

What information must be included on labels generated by the LIS?

Patient information, tests ordered, unique identifier, and date & time of collection.

What is meant by 'post-analytical functions' within an LIS?

Processes like results verification and report delivery after tests are completed.

How does LIS improve laboratory efficiency?

By automating workflows and managing inventory.

What is one benefit of integrating LIS with HIS?

It allows for seamless tracking and retrieval of patient data.

How are specimens typically collected by lab staff?

By taking blood samples labeled with LIS-generated labels.

What information is critical to manage during the pre-analytical phase?

Patient ID verification, quality control checks, and specimen tracking.

Describe how data is processed in LIS.

It manages collection, reporting, and quality assurance of laboratory specimens.

What is indicated by 'critical results' in lab information systems?

Results that may require immediate attention or action.

What is a potential consequence of a delayed specimen transport?

Specimen rejection due to improper processing conditions.

What is one feature of mobile collection devices used in laboratories?

They can scan patient wristbands and generate sample labels.

How does LIS support laboratory quality control?

By monitoring instrument performance and analyzing QC data.

When might a specimen be rejected?

If it is unlabeled, collected in the wrong container, or delayed.

What is the final step in the laboratory management process concerning results?

Results are reviewed and confirmed, then integrated with EMR.

Why is it beneficial to have unique identifiers for lab samples?

They aid in sample identification, tracking, and test verification.

Describe one of the purposes of storage management in LIS.

To track specimen locations to facilitate future testing.

What type of alerts does middleware provide regarding lab results?

Alerts for critical values.

What do accessioning procedures typically involve?

Entering test orders and receiving specimens into LIS.

What role does programming play in creating LIS software rules?

Rules can be tailored by facilities to meet specific operational needs.

Why are electronic interfaces important in LIS?

They facilitate communication and data exchange between systems and devices.

What is an example of a data storage device used in LIS?

Hard drives or database servers.

How does LIS help in managing workflows?

It organizes tasks, schedules analyses, and optimizes processing.

What are referred out tests?

Tests that are sent to a reference laboratory for completion.

How does specimen tracking contribute to laboratory operations?

It ensures accurate and efficient handling of specimens through all testing phases.