Endocrine Disorders

A set of flashcards covering essential concepts and details related to endocrine disorders, their assessments, treatments, and evaluations.

What is the priority concept in this chapter on endocrine disorders?

Cellular regulation

What are the interrelated concepts in endocrine disorders?

Nutrition and gas exchange

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

To manage metabolism.

What are common causes of hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto disease, thyroidectomy, head and neck cancer.

What population is more likely to suffer from hypothyroidism?

Women, especially the elderly.

What is a common complication of hypothyroidism?

Myxedema coma.

What symptoms indicate hypothyroidism?

Weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation.

What is the second most prevalent endocrine disorder?

Hyperthyroidism.

What are common causes of hyperthyroidism?

Enlarged thyroid gland, thyroiditis, Graves' disease, overmedication of hypothyroidism.

Name two clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism.

Palpitations and heat intolerance.

What laboratory assessments are used to diagnose thyroid disorders?

T3, T4, TSH, and TRAbs.

What is a primary treatment option for hypothyroidism?

Hormone replacement therapy with Levothyroxine.

What is a common sign of hyperparathyroidism?

Bone pain and kidney stones.

What symptoms are associated with hypoparathyroidism?

Tetany, muscle cramps, paresthesia.

What is the main treatment for hypoparathyroidism?

Calcium supplements and dietary changes.

What assessment finding is indicative of an Addisonian crisis?

Hypotension.

What are some signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?

Buffalo hump, thin skin, and elevated blood pressure.

What vital signs changes may indicate hyperthyroidism?

Increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure.

What are the effects of inadequate parathyroid hormone production?

Low calcium levels leading to tetany.

What are essential components of self-management education for patients with hypothyroidism?

Hormone replacement therapy and monitoring for side effects.

What indicates a high risk during an Addisonian crisis?

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

What evaluation outcome is critical after treatment for thyroid disorders?

Maintaining a euthyroid state.

What sign indicates the need for further evaluation in patients with adrenal disorders?

Severe fatigue and general weakness.

What fluid balance assessment is important for managing Cushing's syndrome?

Monitoring sodium and potassium levels.

What is a common diagnostic tool for evaluating adrenal gland issues?

CT scan or MRI.

What should be monitored postoperatively after a thyroidectomy?

Hemorrhage and respiratory distress.

What is a common clinical manifestation of both hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism?

Muscle cramps.

How does hyperparathyroidism affect serum calcium levels?

Leads to elevated calcium levels.

What psychologic assessment is necessary for patients with thyroid disorders?

Mood evaluation.

What dietary recommendation is made for patients with hypoparathyroidism?

Increase calcium intake.

What are the signs of severe hyperthyroidism?

Thyrotoxic crisis or thyroid storm.

What is a key aspect of care coordination for endocrine disorders?

Self-management and adherence to lifelong therapy.

What serum cortisol value indicates potential adrenal issues?

Cortisol levels less than 165 nmol/L.

What mnemonic helps remember signs of Cushing's syndrome?

STRESSED: Skin changes, truncal obesity, reproductive issues, elevated blood pressure, excessive hair, and sugar high.

What condition is characterized by low aldosterone secretion?

Addison's disease.

What is typically the first line of treatment for an Addisonian crisis?

High-dose IV hydrocortisone.

How often should vital signs be monitored in acute settings for endocrine disorders?

Regularly, often hourly, or as indicated.

What should patients be educated about after adrenal surgery?

Signs of corticosteroid deficiency and how to administer hydrocortisone.

What type of edema can occur due to hypothyroidism?

Facial and eyelid edema.

What is an important nursing intervention for patients experiencing thyroid storms?

Reduce stimuli and promote comfort.

What critical signs indicate fluid overload?

Increased blood pressure, weight gain.

How does thyroid hormone impact metabolic processes?

Regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

What complication can arise from untreated hyperthyroidism?

Cardiac complications such as tachycardia.

What psychosocial aspects should be assessed among endocrine disorder patients?

Mood changes and coping abilities.

What nutritional assessments are pertinent in managing thyroid disorders?

Evaluate dietary intake and nutritional status.

What is the relationship between adrenal hormones and stress response?

Adrenal hormones, primarily cortisol, respond to stress by increasing energy availability.

What nursing intervention is crucial for patients undergoing parathyroidectomy?

Monitor for signs of hypocalcemia postoperatively.