Crisis Management, Grief, Anxiety, OCD, and Trauma-Related Disorders

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering crisis management, grief stages and types, anxiety levels, OCD, trauma-related disorders, dissociative disorders, and psychopharmacology from the Week 4 lecture.

What is the typical duration and nature of an acute crisis?

An acute crisis is time-limited, usually lasting 4 to 6 weeks, and occurs following a sudden event with little or no time to prepare.

How is a situational or external crisis defined?

It is an unanticipated loss or change experienced in everyday life, such as a divorce or job change.

What characterizes a maturational crisis?

It involves achieving new developmental stages that require learning additional coping mechanisms, such as getting married or retiring.

What constitutes an adventitious crisis?

An adventitious crisis is caused by natural disasters, national disasters, or crimes, resulting in large-scale psychological trauma in a community.

What are the Kübler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief?

1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance

What is delayed or inhibited grief?

Grief in which the person does not demonstrate expected behaviors of normal grief, often remaining in denial for an extended period until a subsequent minor loss triggers the grief response.

What are the key features of distorted grief?

An exaggerated grief level where the individual may remain in the anger stage (directed at self or others) and can develop clinical depression.

How is disenfranchised grief defined?

Grief involving a loss that cannot be publicly shared or is not socially acceptable, such as suicide or abortion.

What is the difference between actual loss and perceived loss?

Actual loss is the loss of a valued person or item recognized by others, whereas perceived loss is defined by the client and is not obvious to others.

What timeframe is required for a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

The client must exhibit uncontrollable, excessive worry for greater than 6 months, causing significant impairment in functioning.

What are the criteria for identifying Panic Disorder?

The client experiences recurrent panic attacks lasting 15 to 30 minutes with at least 4 characteristic manifestations present (e.g., palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain, depersonalization, fear of dying).

How do moderate anxiety and severe anxiety differ regarding learning and perception?

In moderate anxiety, perception is slightly reduced and learning/problem-solving can still occur. In severe anxiety, the perceptual field is greatly reduced, perceptions are distorted, and learning does not occur.

What nursing interventions should be implemented for severe to panic-level anxiety?

Provide a quiet environment with minimal stimulation, stay with the client, set limits using firm short simple sentences, speak in a low-pitched voice, encourage gross motor activities (like walking), and direct the client to focus on reality.

What distinguishes Hoarding Disorder from Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Hoarding Disorder involves an obsessive desire to save items regardless of value, leading to an unsafe living environment. Body Dysmorphic Disorder involves repetitive behaviors to conceal perceived physical flaws.

What is the physiological mechanism of action of Benzodiazepines?

Benzodiazepines enhance the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system.

What medical interventions are used for a Benzodiazepine overdose?

Gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal for oral overdose, and Flumazenil as the specific reversal antidote.

What administration guidelines and precautions apply to Buspirone?

It takes 1 week for initial response and 4 weeks for maximum response, must be taken on a scheduled daily basis (not PRN), does not cause sedation, and requires avoiding grapefruit juice and MAOIs.

What timeline distinguishes Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

ASD symptoms develop immediately after trauma, persist for at least 3 days, and last up to 1 month. If symptoms persist beyond 1 month, the diagnosis becomes PTSD.

Which centrally acting alpha-blocker is used to manage night terrors and hypervigilance in PTSD?

Prazosin.

What is the difference between depersonalization and derealization?

Depersonalization is the feeling of observing one's own personality or body from a distance. Derealization is the feeling that outside surroundings or events are unreal or dream-like.

What is dissociative fugue?

A subtype of dissociative amnesia in which the client travels to a new location and is unable to recall their own identity and at least part of their past.