english 2 final exam review

ethos

Appeal to credibility

pathos

Appeal to emotion

logos

Appeal to logic

kairos

Appeal to timeliness

allegory

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

anecdote

A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.

author's purpose

The reason the author has for writing. ( Inform, persuade, express, & entertain)

didactic

intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive

inclusive language

language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors

juxtaposition

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts

parallel structure

the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures

purposeful diction

Word choice that is intentional and impactful

repetition

Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis

rhetorical questions

questions asked for effect rather than answers

satire

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

tone shift

a change in the writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject and the audience

varied syntax

Changing sentence structures to create interest or emphasis

allusions

Indirect references to other texts, events, or figures

analogy

A comparison to clarify or explain something

Hyperbole

Extreme exaggeration for effect

Imagery

Descriptive language appealing to the senses

Verbal Irony

Saying the opposite of what is meant

Situational Irony

A contrast between what is expected and what actually happens

Dramatic Irony

The audience knows something the characters don't

Metaphor

A direct comparison between two unlike things

Simile

A comparison using "like" or "as"

Symbolism

Using an object or element to represent a larger idea

Tone

The writer's attitude toward the subject or audience

Call to Action

Author's demand of the reader

Claim

A central argument or assertion

Concession

Acknowledging an opposing viewpoint

Evidence

Facts, examples, or data that support a claim

Organization of Ideas

The logical flow and structure of content

Transitional Words/Phrases

Words that guide readers through ideas (e.g., however, therefore, moreover)