Cells (and their organelles) and microscopes

Eukaryotic cells

Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

plant cell

contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole

prokaryotic cell

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

animal cell

does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Vacuoles

Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

cell wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

eu- (prefix)

good, normal

pro (prefix)

before

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Amoeba

A type of protist characterized by great flexibility and the presence of pseudopodia.

Euglena

Unicellular organism; moves using its flagella; asexual reproduction; have chloroplasts to absorb sunlight

Paramecium

a single-celled freshwater animal that has a characteristic slipperlike shape and is covered with cilia.

Volvox

a green, single-celled aquatic organism that forms minute, free-swimming spherical colonies.

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

Organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

-elle (suffix)

small

-cule (suffix)

small

Tissues

groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism

Organ

group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Organism

An individual living thing

Biological Levels of Organization

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Chloro (prefix)

green

-plast (suffix)

organized living material

Gogli Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, packages and ships out proteins to where they are needed

Lysosomes

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

Centrioles

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

Cyt(o)- (prefix)

cell

-plasm (suffix)

growth, substance, formation

Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

animal cell

does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole

plant cell

contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole

diaphragm

regulates/controls the amount of light

body tube

located between the eyepiece and the nosepiece, separates the lenses

stage

Supports the slide being viewed

stage clips

hold the slide in place on the stage

high power objective lens

Lens on the nosepiece, magnifies 40x

low power objective lens

Lens on the nosepiece, magnifies 4x

base

Supports the microscope

light source

gives us light to enable us to see the specimen on the slide

arm

Used to support the microscope when carried

coarse adjustment knob

Moves the stage up and down for focusing

fine adjustment knob

Moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image

eyepiece

used to view an object under the microscope, has a magnifying power of 10x

nosepiece

Holds and rotates the objective lenses

10x

Power of the eyepiece lens

400x

Power of the microscope on high power

4x

Power of the low power objective lens

arm and base

You should carry the microscope by the ____ and the ____.

medium objective lens

Lens on the nosepiece, magnifies 10x

nucleus

Contains the cell's DNA and is the control centre of the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

Transports materials within cell; processes lipids (fats)

mitochondria

Breaks down food to release energy for the cell

cell membrane

controls what goes in and out of the cell

ribosome

make proteins

cytoplasm

gel like environment which allows organelles to move about the cell

golgi body

packages and ships materials out of the cell

lysosome

cell’s “garbage disposal unit”

vacuole

stores water, waste and food

cell wall

provides structure and support for plant cells, surrounds the cell membrane

chloroplast

makes food for plant cells using sunlight