W12 - PH, ELECTROLYTES, CHEMICAL REACTIONS

electrolytes

• Compounds that can release ions in water

• Conduct an electrical current

acids

• Release H+

• More acidic

Base

• Bases release OH- that bind to H+

• Less acidic - alkaline/basic

salts

Release ions other than H+ or OH-

pH

• Measured in pH units

  • Concentration of H+ in solution

• Blood homeostatic range 7.35 - 7.45

  • <7.35 = acidosis (blood is acidosic)

  • >7.35 = alkalosis (blood is alkalotic)

pH homeostasis

• Alterations in pH interfere with cell function

  • Slight changes, if not corrected, can be fatal

• pH maintained by 3 systems

  • Buffers - bicarbonate buffer system

• Lungs (remove CO2)

• Kidneys (Bicarbonate buffer system)

Chemical reaction

influencing reactions

• Temperature within normal limits

• Concentration

• pH

• size

Enzymes

• Speed up reactions

• Globular protein

• Specific for substrate

• Reusable

• Reduces activation energy