Agri 22- Lecture 2 [Beef Cattle Production]

Calf

Young cattle of either sex; less than one year of age

Heifer

A female bovine animal that has not produced offspring

Cow

Sexually mature female bovine animal that usually produced a calf

Bull

An intact, sexually mature male bovine that is intended for breeding purposes

Feedlot

A confinement unit, generally for finishing cattle

Cow-calf

A system where cows are bred, and calves are raised until weaning

Backgrounding

The growing of calves after they are weaned; they are conditioned until they are ready to go into a feedlot for finishing.

It is the grouping and acclimatization

Average Daily Gain (ADG)

The weight during a feeding period / Number of days of the feeding period

Beef Production Phases

Weaning

The separation of a calf from its mother

High-grain diet / Intensive diet

What diet is used in Finishing stage?

Finishing

Cattles are fed until they reach market weight

Extensive diet

What diet is used in Backgrounding stage?

• Growth and Development (reach optimum growth)

• Economic Efficiency

Importance of Backgrounding

14 months

How many months is the backgrounding program?

7 months

How many months is the Weaning program?

21 months

How many months is the feeding program (intensive system)?

• Improved Socialization

• Improved feed intake

• Reduced health issues

What are the 3 benefits of backgrounding?

Uniform weight

Backgrounding allows cattle to be grown out to a what?

• Rapid weight gain and Efficiency (High energy diet)

What is the importance of proper finishing / fattening?

• Cow-calf operation

• Breeder Farm Operation

• Growing-Fattening Operation

What is the 3 types of Beef Cattle Operation?

Cow-calf operation

• It is to produce stockers, feeders, and replacement stocks

• It regularly supplies the calves replacement or fattening

• Uses grade of Philippine cows and pure bred or high-grade bulls

• Selling calves that are weaned, usually 7-8 months of age

• Extensive use of native pastures

Characteristics of Cow-calf operation

Orchard or Coconut Plantation

What may be integrated in cow-calf operation?

Breeder Farm Operation

It is to produce large number of quality breeder stocks

• Requires large amount of capital

• Skill and sound judgement (selection)

What is the characteristics of Breeder Farm Operation?

Buying purebred animals (genetics) and equipment

Why large amount of capital is needed in breeder farm operation?

Growing Fattening Operation

• To provide the market with fattened cattle for meat consumption

• AKA Very popular beef cattle industry

• Requires very little land area

• Turn over of capital is faster

• Uses high-energy feeds

What is the characteristics of Growing fattening operation?

Cut and carry system / zero grazing

What method does growing fattening operation use?

• Backyard Cattle Raising

• Extensive System

• Intensive System

• Integration into Crop

What are the 4 Classifications of Beef Cattle Production?

Backyard / Small Holder

• It augments small-hold farmers income

• Uses household labor and fewer animal holdings

• Constitutes 84.5% of total cattle production

Force Feeding (Supa / Supak)

It is a common practice among backyard cattle raisers in Batangas

• 15-25 kgs fresh ipil-ipil

• 15-19 liters of water

• 1kg rice bran

• 100 grams of salt/ molasses

What are the 4 ingredients of Supa or Supak?

• Basin

• Bamboo (30cm long and 6cm wide)

What are the 2 materials of the Supa / Supak?

Extensive System

• AKA known as “Ranching”

• Maintained in a vast tract open lands

Intensive System

Animals are confined and are fed through cut and carry basis

Integration into Crop

Animals are maintained by feeding them by-products of agri crops or industrial wastes