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building blocks of dna
sugar + phosphate + base = nucleotide
major and minor groove
compacts dna
epigenetics
environment affects dna expression
function of histones
make decisions to open or close the dna for replication and transcription
x chromosome inactivation
when 2 x chromosomes and 1 y chromosome are present, 1 x shuts down
5 organizational structures of DNA
2nm, 11nm, 30nm, chromatin, chromosomes
topoisomerase
cuts the DNA
atp dependent chromatin remodeling complexes
nucleosome cores are repositioned or paired with different histones, removed to expose DNA
reciprocal translocation effects on aging
increases the chance of abnormalities in 30s and 40s
function of chromatin
packages DNA in a small volume, chromosome separation mitosis/meiosis