heimler apush unit 4

Midnight Judges

The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801, Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration, ensured Federalist power in court

Talmadge Amendment

1819 proposed to solve Missouri slavery issue, suggesting ban on slavery when admitted, caused tension and led to the Missouri Compromise

Market Revolution

the major change in the US economy produced by people's beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves, linked northern industry with western and southern farms

How did the market revolution affect society and immigration?

increased wealth gap, influx of immigration, growing middle class, women working in factories but still limited by Cult of Domesticity

Amistad

1839 Spanish slave ship seized by revolting African slaves, led to a U.S. Supreme court case that freed them which led white plantation owners to enforce current control

Loose Constructionism

supported by federalists, expands govt power with elastic clause, interpreting the constitution loosely

Strict Constructionism

supported by Dem-Rep party, limits govt power with narrow approach to constitution

Barbary Wars

1801-1805 the first wars fought by the United States against pirates off the coast of Africa after Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships

Revolution of 1800

shift of govt from federalist to democratic republican with Jefferson's election

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France, doubled the size of the US, against Jefferson's strict constructionism bc power to buy land not in the law but justified with opportunity for expansion + limit British influence

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France and continued impressment

Impressment

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements (roads, canals); emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820)

3 parts: Maine was a free state, Missouri was a slave state, everything above 3630 latitude line would be free, everything below would be slave, applied to ONLY the Louisiana Purchase. Later overturned by the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere

What new technologies contributed to economic growth?

cotton gin, spinning machine, interchangeable parts, steamboats, trains

Cult of Domesticity

idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands

Panic of 1819

A natural post-war depression caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war, generally blamed on the National Bank

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson (who had the popular vote)

How did the election of 1824 rearrange the political parties?

Dem-Rep party split into Democrats (led by Andrew Jackson) and Whigs (led by Henry Clay

Whigs

strong federal govt, ideals of the American System (national bank, tariffs, internal improvements)

Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South, South threatened secession

Force Bill

gave the president power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose, result of Tariff of abominations, nullified by South Carolina

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Trail of Tears

1831 the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

transcendentalism

philosophy that emphasized the truth to be found in nature and intuition ex. Henry David Thoreau

Utopian Communities

groups of people who tried to form a perfect society withdrawn from corrupt world ex. Oneida, Shakers

Second Great Awakening

1800s Protestant religious revival emphasizing democracy, societal reformation, and salvation in the hands of the individual, not God

Temperance Movement

A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages, spurred by 2nd Great Awakening- American Temperance Society founded 1826

Abolitionism

1800s movement to end slavery ex. William Lloyd Garrision "The Liberator," Fredrick Douglass (exposed dehumanization

Women's Rights Movement

promoted education equality, marriage rights, and suffrage for women

Seneca Falls Convention

(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Nat Turner's Rebellion

a slave rebellion led by Nat Turner that took place in Virginia in 1831

Southern society in the early republic

mostly yeoman (non slave owning) farmers, against abolitionism and spread White Supremacy

What were the causes and effects of the war of 1812?

causes: continuing British impressment, suspicion of the British provoking Native American rebellion
effects: intense nationalism, Federalists' opposition of the war went against public support/War Hawks, led to their demise/rise of the Democratic-Republican Party

Treaty of Ghent

1814 - Ended the War of 1812, For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.