Chapter 17 2.0 flashcards

Saturated, 12C

Lauric Acid

Saturated, 14C

Myristic Acid

Saturated, 16C

Palmitic acid

Saturated, 18C

Stearic Acid

Monounsaturated

One double bond

Polyunsaturated

2 or more double bonds

Monounsaturated, 16C

Palmitoleic Acid (butter palm oil)

Monounsaturated, 18C

Oleic Acid (Olive oil)

Polyunsaturated, 18C, 2DB

Linoleic Acid (Sunflower oil)

Polyunsaturated, 18C, 3DB

Linonelic Acid (Corn)

Polyunsaturated, 20C, 4DB

Arachidonic Acid (Fish, meat, eggs)

Example of Cis Isomer

Oleic Acid (olive oil)

Example of Trans Isomer

Elaidic Acid

Triacylglycerols

• three fatty acid chains esterified to glycerol.

• They are the main form of stored fat in the body and an important energy source.

• ex: Triolein

Cholesterol

• Lipid that cannot be hydrolyzed

• steroid

Ester

• functional group of triacylglycerols

• animal fats and vegetable oils are natural….

Sphingolipids

a class of lipids that contain a sphingosine backbone, involved in cell membrane structure and signaling. No glycerol, fatty acid, and phosphate with amino alcohol.

Hydrogenation

The process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats to convert them into saturated fats, often improving shelf life and stability.

Saturated

fatty acids with no double bonds between carbon atoms, higher melting point, typically solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated

fats that have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in lower melting points and typically liquid form at room temperature.

Source of most saturated fats

animal products, such as meat and dairy.

Lipids

Biomolecules that include fats, oils, and waxes, primarily used for energy storage, insulation, hormones, and cell membrane structure. Are insoluble in water.

Saponification

• is the process of producing soap from fats or oils by reacting a triacylglycerol with a strong base and water.

• yields salts of fatty acids and glycerol

Steroids

• CANNOT be hydrolyzed in water without a specific enzyme.

• Cycloalkene rings, could have double bonds and alkyl substituents on one or more of the rings

• ex: Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone

Glycerophospholipid

• are a major component of cell membranes, consisting of two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone.

• ex: Lecithin, cephalins, phosphatidylcholine

Arachidonic acid

Prostaglandins are formed from the polyunsaturated fatty acid…..

Hormones

Physiological action, the prostaglandins resemble..

Soaps

• sodium salts of long-chain fatty acids

• plus potassium salts of fatty acids, used for cleaning.

Lecithin

• phospholipid that is abundant in egg yolk

Sphingomyelins

Protects nerve cells

Lipoprotein

• spherical structures with an outside layer of phospholipids and proteins surrounding an inner core of hundreds of NONPOLAR lipids and cholesterol esters that function to transport lipids in the bloodstream.

• carry triacylglycerols from the intestines to the fat cells

Cell membranes

The lipid bilayer consists of a nonpolar region at the surfaces and a polar region in the center

Prostaglandins

NSAIDs inhibit the enzymes that produce BLANK and, in doing so decrease pain, inflammation, and fever.

Waxes

Esters of a fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol