Unit 3 Quizzes (Chapters 8,9,11)

Gene duplications may be caused by __________.

the crossing over of misaligned chromosomes

Given the following sequence of genes on a chromosome, determine what change in chromosome structure occurred. (The indicates the centromere.) before A B C D E F G H after A C D * E F G H

interstitial deletion

Given the following sequence of genes on a chromosome, determine what change in chromosome structure occurred. (The indicates the centromere.) before A B C D E F G H after A B C D * E F E F G H

gene duplication

The production of gene families, such as the globin genes is the result of ________.

gene duplications

Given the following sequence of genes on a chromosome, determine what change in chromosome structure occurred. (The indicates the centromere.) before A B C D E F G H after A B G F E * D C H

Pericentric inversion

Which of the following is not an example of euploidy?

Aneuploid

Which algebraic expression would be used to denote a trisomic organism?

2n+1

Klinefelter and Turner syndromes are examples of __________.

sex chromosome aneuploidy

In meiotic nondisjunction, meiotic products can be n+1, n-1, or n depending on when nondisjunction occurs. If nondisjunction occurs in Meiosis I, what is the outcome?

Two trisomic and two monosomic products

The failure of chromosomes to separate during anaphase is called __________.

nondisjunction

The short arm of a chromosome is denoted by the letter __________ and the long arm by the letter __________.

p; q

A photographic representation of the chromosomes of an organism is called a/an __________.

karyotype

The salivary amylase gene (AMY1) is present in two diploid copies in chimpanzees. Humans are known to have between 6-15 copies, an adaptation that is thought to be related to the high-starch diet of humans. This difference among humans is an example of __________.

copy number variation

The individuals who determined that Griffith's transforming principle was DNA were __________.

Avery, Macleod, and McCarty

Which base is not found in DNA?

Uracil

The backbone of the DNA molecule is formed by ________.

phosphodiester bonds

The researcher(s) who initially used X-ray diffraction to gather information on the DNA molecule was __________.

Franklin

According to Chargaff's rule, if the DNA of a species contains 20% adenine, what percent of guanine will it contain?

30%

The first group of researchers to correctly identify the double-helix structure of DNA were __________.

Watson and Crick

In a double-helix DNA strand, the adenine on one strand forms hydrogen bonds with a/an __________ on the other strand.

Thymine

How many bases are necessary to complete three complete twists (1080 degrees) of a DNA helix?

30

The fact that the helixes of the DNA strand are arranged in opposite directions gives DNA its __________ characteristics.

anitparallel

One strand of DNA is 5'-AGGCCTTA-3'. What is the sequence of the opposite strand?

3'-TCCGGAAT-5'

What DNA form is most common in living organisms?

B DNA

Adenine and thymine form __________ hydrogen bonds between them, while cytosine and guanine form __________ hydrogen bonds.

2; 3

An enormous variety of genomic structures can be seen among viruses, with a given virus having either a DNA or an RNA genome. The principal genomic component isolated from equine influenza virus is 22% C, 23% A, 22% G and 33% U. Based on this information equine influenza is a __________ virus.

single strand RNA

What is the name for the mechanism of DNA replication in which one parental strand and one daughter strand are combined following replication?

semiconservative

Bacterial DNA has how many origins of replication per chromosome?

1

Which of the following is not correct concerning the initiation of bacterial replication?

The strands are initially separated at GC-rich regions of DNA

DNA helicase enzymes move in what direction along the DNA during DNA replication?

5' to 3'

Which of the following removes supercoiling ahead of the replication fork?

Topoisomerase

Which enzyme synthesizes a 10-12 base segment of RNA that is used by DNA pol III?

primase

Which of the following fills in small regions of DNA where the RNA primers were located?

DNA polymerase I

Which of the following is responsible for the majority of DNA replication?

DNA polymerase III

Which of the following attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments, forming a continuous DNA strand?

DNA ligase

Which enzyme synthesizes most of the lagging strand of the DNA?

DNA polymerase III

DNA polymerases add new nucleotides in what direction?

5' to 3'

Okazaki fragments do which of the following?

Assist in the synthesis of DNA from the lagging strand

DNA polymerases are unable to replicate what areas of the chromosome?

3' end of telomeres