Units 1 & 2: AP World History Review

https://quizlet.com/440456793/units-1-2-ap-world-history-review-flash-cards/

The period of development in Asia such as the Song Dynasty was most known for which of the following:

a) Chinese imperial governments limiting the markets especially near the Grand Canal

b) Europeans entering the trading cities to trade spices and herbs

c) The Chine Imperial government forbidding foreign trade

d) The abundance of foreign trade in trading cities accessible by the Grand Canal

d) The abundance of foreign trade in trading cities accessible by the Grand Canal

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- Song Dynasty was known for trade in market places especially near the Grand Canal, which was used as a form of transportation to and from the cities at the time

What development began to allow Europeans to trade products with East Asia?

a) The Tang Dynasty expanded to the Middle East, allowing trade between the Europeans

b) New maritime technology allowed for ocean-going ships to import and export goods

c) The silk rode connected Europeans to the Middle East and East Asia

d) The Chinese dynasties grew stronger governments

b) New maritime technology allowed for ocean-going ships to import and export goods

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- Maritime trade was developed in East Asia

- Trade allowed a connection between the Europeans and East Asia

- Coal was discovered (called "black earth") but was not used until the 18th century AD

- Eventually created steel which was used for both bridges and religious items

- Proto-industrialization was experienced in China (a set of economic changes that effected mainly the rural/ agricultural areas)

What products would Indians and other non-Chinese merchants be most likely to exchange in markets across East Asia?

a) pepper, nutmeg, spices

b) cows, pigs, oxen

c) rugs, horses, parchment

d) silk, porcelain, tea

d) silk, porcelain, tea

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- East Asia traded silk and porcelain

- Gunpowder was originated in East Asia during the Song Dynasty and quickly spread

- Champa rice greatly expanded agricultural production in China

- Manure was used to fertilize soil

What achievement was made during the time of development in Africa, especially in building the Great Zimbabwe buildings?

a) made without slaves

b) made without mortar

c) made with techniques used by Arabs and the Portuguese

d) developed away from large settlements of people

b) made without mortar

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- Walls in the Great Zimbabwe were made without mortar around large settlements of people

- Because of the overwhelming amount of people that dwelled within the walls of the Great Zimbabwe, the city was doomed from overgrazing

Around 1000 BC, the people of Africa used what when building cities?

a) Cities relied on walls for protection

b) Cities were becoming less dependent on trade

c) Cities were founded in dry regions

d) Cities were founded in areas that were easier to defend (hills)

a) Cities relied on walls for protection

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- Cities relied on walls for protection, especially in cities such as Ghana or the Great Zimbabwe

- The early Hausa Kingdoms learned the hard way that even with a strong economic system (because of trans-Saharan trade), military forces were able to dominate from the outside. Because of this, strong political authority was also integrated into the developments of this era

One factor that contributed to the decline of both Great Zimbabwe and of the Mayans was:

a) invasions by neighboring settlements with iron weaponry

b) contact with the Europeans

c) Environmental damage

d) Ethnic conflicts within the community

c) Environmental damage

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- The decline of both Great Zimbabwe and of the Mayans was caused by environmental damage such as overgrazing

Which trait of Islamic rule described in the passage was evident in al-Andalus?

a) the persecution of other religions by Islamic leaders

b) the toleration of other religions by Muslims in conquered territory

c) the conflict between Romans and Byzantines over territory

d) the cooperation between Jewish and Muslim leaders in Jerusalem

b) the toleration of other religions by Muslims in conquered territory

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- Dar Al-Islam regions were so successful because of the religious tolerance during this time by Muslims

What viewpoint led Umar to this trait of Islamic rule during the period of Dar Al-Islam?

a) he did not actively seek converts to his faith

b) He believed Christians and Jews were only a small threat to his faith

c) He was more concerned with political than religious issues

d) He considered Christians and Jews to be "people of the book"

d) He considered Christians and Jews to be "people of the book"

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- The Islamic rule was very liberal on their stance on culture in the way that they accepted all religions and did not see them as a threat

- This state of mind was what made the Dar Al-Islam regions so powerful. The religious "people of the book" were willing to live under the rule of Islamic leaders because they experienced little to no persecution by the government

Which development resulted from a change in Umar's policy toward Jerusalem by the Selijuks?

a) the beginning of the Crusades by the European Christians

b) A shift in trade patterns

c) An increase in the power of the Byzantine Empire

d) A decrease in taxes paid by Jerusalem residents

a) the beginning of the Crusades by the European Christians

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- After the Seljuk Turks limited access to the holy sites around Jerusalem, so European Christians grouped together to regain access

Which historical development most supports the interpretation of early Indian culture by Muslim authors?

a) the development of the caste system

b) the policies on religion of Ashoka

c) the expansion of the Umayyads in the Sind

d) the raids by Mahmus of Ghanzi

d) the raids by Mahmus of Ghanzi

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- Islamic armies invades Pakistan and Hindu temples

- The expeditions and invasions led to the misinterpretation of Indian culture

Which trend followed the temperature pattern during the time of development in Europe?

a) the centralization of political power

b) the rate of growth in the urban population

c) the use of systems of coerced labor

d) the spread of Christianity in Europe

d) the raids by Mahmus of Ghanzi

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- As the temperature in Eastern Europe increased and decreased, the urban population also increased and decreased

The coastal cities of Mambosa, Sofala, and Mogadishu (in India) often exported what?

a) slaves, ivory, gold

b) silk and porcelain

c) horses, figs, and dates

d) cotton and steel

a) slaves, ivory, gold

Which of the following describes the objects or ideas that represented change in Chinese trade?

a) silver, gems, and gold went from Europe to Chile; wool, horses, and the ideas of Islam went from China to Europe

b) silver, gems, and gold went from Europe to China; silk, paper, and gunpowder went from China to Europe

c) paper and Christianity went from Europe to China; silk, gunpowder, and horses went from China to Europe

b) silver, gems, and gold went from Europe to China; silk, paper, and gunpowder went from China to Europe

What did many believe was the motivation for the Mongols during the time of the Mongol Empire?

a) The Mongols were interested primarily in seizing wealth rather than in controlling Russian territory

b) The Mongols choose their tactics in warfare because those tacitces were used in fairy tales

c) The Mongols believed they could fool foes with rumors of atrocities

d) The Mongols wanted to be thought of as honorable warriors

c) The Mongols believed they could fool foes with rumors of atrocities, therefore striking fear into those they encountered

SHORT ANSWER

These questions represent the time period as a whole, rather than specific information

Which reason and statement accurately explains the reason for increase/ decrease in Eastern Europe?

The Little Ice Age caused shortages of food and reduced the amount of agricultural surplus available for trade

A historian would most likely use a chart describing the weather patterns of the region to research which of the following developments during the time of development in Europe?

The decline of Norse colonies in Greenland: the Norse colonies vanished due to the cold weather during the Little Ice Age

Which development was the turning point that led to the expansion of trade between Asia and Europe?

The conquests by the Mongols, which led to improved trade routes and reduced trading costs

After the Mongols conquered, what did they take or leave?

The Mongols would conquer and take only what they needed to survive

Because of wind patterns, where would South Asian merchants choose to travel during winter months?

To Africa in winter months

Which development in the Trans-Saharan trade routes helped contribute to the spread of Islam? Where was it most effective?

Camel Saddles: East Africa

How did the Pax Mongolica affect the people during its time?

The Pax Mongolica was a period of time where peace, stability, economic growth, and cultural development were happening around the Mongol's occupied territories. Pax Mongolica was a time of spreading different ideas and a great cultural expansion around Europe and Asia.

Which of the following was most responsible for the quick spread of the Black Death throughout Europe?

a) the migrations of Central Asia into Eastern Europe

b) the spread of rodents through trade

c) the pollution caused by growing concentrations of people in cities

d) poverty among Europeans resulting from feudalism

b) the spread of rodents through trade

WHAT TO REMEMBER:

- rodent fleas were the main cause of the quick spread of the Black Death throughout Europe