NATR 2100 Exam 1

T/F

Landscape elements include patch, corridor, and matrix.

True

T/F

The European tradition of landscape ecology is more holistic and society-centered.

True

T/F

Satellite imagery and GIS have played a significant role in the advancement of landscape ecology.

True

T/F

Increasing grain size typically increases spatial variance.

False

T/F

Space-for-time substitution is always valid regardless of change rate.

False

T/F

Power-law scaling suggests large events are more common than small ones.

False

T/F

Position (ex. slope, aspect) can influence how a disturbance affects a landscape.

True

T/F

Roads influence animals only through direct mortality, not behavioral changes.

False

T/F

Road noise has been shown to affect animal occurrence and behavior.

True

T/F

The spatial configuration of the landscape has no effect on hoe disturbances spread.

False

What is NOT a landscape element according to Forman and Godron?

Gradient

Who coined the term “landscape ecology?”

Carl Troll

What concept came from Central Place Theory and was later applied in landscape ecology?

Species dispersal and foraging

What happens to predictability when studying processes at a finer scale than they operate?

Predictability decreases

According to the non-equilibrium view, what prevents ecosystems from reaching equilibrium?

Frequent disturbances

Surface area that differs from its surroundings in nature or appearance, or a relatively homogeneous area.

Patch

Relatively narrow strip of a particular type that differs from the areas adjacent on both sides.

Corridor

Dominant background cover type in a landscape, characterized by extensive cover and high connectivity.

Matrix

The study of the interaction between organisms and their environment.

Ecology

The spatial or temporal dimension of an object or a process.

Scale

The minimum resolution of the data.

Grain

The scope of the data.

Extent

A system of interconnections where higher level patterns or processes constrain lower level processes, which provide details for higher level processes.

Hierarchy theory

Predicting the dynamics of spatially broad-scale systems over a too-small temporal scale.

Pseudopredictions

Geomorphology is the slow template that is composed of:

• Montane landscapes

• River networks

• Soils

Abiotic agents are the faster template that is composed of:

• Volcanoes

• Landslides

• Floods

• Weather-driven forces

A relatively discrete event that disrupts the structure and function of a system in short intervals of time.

Disturbance

Peak diversity occurs at moderate disturbance.

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Major, often unpredictable ecological impacts.

Large, infrequent disturbances

The types, quantities, and patterns of organisms and biotic structure that persist a disturbance.

Biotic legacies

Physical modification of the environment resulting from a disturbance.

Abiotic legacies

Somewhat predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of a ecological community.

Succession

Own bodies are the structure.

Autogenic

Rearrange materials around them.

Allogenic

Explores and addresses the relationship between the natural environment and road system.

Road ecology

Estimates the probability that an organism moves from one cell to another as a function of environmental variables.

Movement model