Fundamentals of Elements and Biological Macromolecules Test 1 1/3

Element

Substance that cannot be chemically broken down.

Atom

Smallest unit of matter retaining properties.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Atomic Structure

Nucleus with protons, neutrons, and surrounding electrons.

Atomic Number

Number of protons in an element.

Atomic Mass

Combined mass of protons and neutrons.

Isotopes

Atoms with same atomic number, different mass.

Hydrogen

Only element without neutrons.

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded covalently.

Covalent Bond

Bond formed by sharing valence electrons.

Hydrocarbons

Organic molecules of only carbon and hydrogen.

Carbohydrates

Macromolecules providing energy from sugars and starches.

Cellulose

Structural component in plant cell walls.

ATP

Energy currency of the cell.

Lipids

Fats, oils, and waxes used for energy storage.

Proteins

Macromolecules made of amino acids, essential for life.

Nucleic Acids

Macromolecules carrying genetic instructions (DNA, RNA).

Population

Individuals of the same species in an area.

Community

Different species populations in a shared area.

Ecosystem

Living organisms and abiotic factors in an area.

Biosphere

Collection of all ecosystems on Earth.

Environmental Science

Interdisciplinary study of environmental aspects.

Scientific Method

Process for scientific inquiry and experimentation.

Tragedy of the Commons

Self-interest leads to resource depletion.

Precautionary Principle

Better safe than sorry in environmental actions.

I=PxAxT

Environmental impact equation: Population, Affluence, Technology.