Final Touches

Which of the water soluble vitamins dependent on sodium cotransporters?

C, B5, B7

Which of the water soluble vitamins are NOT dependent on sodium cotransporters?

B9, B1, B6, B2, B3

How does vitamin A cause measles?

It is linked to immune system function, and if it is not absorbed, it can lead to diseases such as measles.

Through what transporter is iron absorbed through in the small intestine?

DMT1. Duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb) reduces Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ using ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). It is then absorbed through the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1).

What is important about eEF2?

A G-protein responsible for the translocation of the ribosome during translation. It requires GTP and is inhibited by pseudomonas and diptheria

What DNA repair mechanisms occur in G1?

NER, NHEJ

What DNA repair mechanisms occur in S?

MR

What DNA repair mechanisms occur in G2?

HR

What is Type 3 Gauscher Disease?

mutations in the GBA gene that makes the the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (acid B-glucosidase); breaks down glucocerebroside – if mutated, this accumulates in lysosomes

Type 3 affects nervous system progressively; seizures, eye movement difficulty, and coordination issues

What is Tay-Sachs disease?

Deletion leading to frameshift in HEXA that encodes B-hexosaminidase A (breaks down GM2 ganglioside) – leads to buildup of GM2 in neurons

What is Fabry Disease?

Genetic mutation in the GLA gene - encodes for a-galactosidase A that breaks down globotriaosylceramide-3 (GL-3)

Symptoms: pain, skin rashes, kidney problems, heart issues, strokes

How is RNA Pol regulated?

RNA pol needs to be phosphorylated by TFIIH, which opens DNA and phosphorylates RNA pol

What is a Western Blot procedure?

Proteins are denatured and separated by molecular weight on a polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE). Then are transferred from the gel to a nitrocellulose or PVDF membrane.

The membrane is incubated with a primary antibody that binds the target protein.

A labeled secondary antibody binds the primary antibody; it's usually linked to an enzyme (e.g., HRP) or a fluorescent dye.