POLS 15 - 3/10/25 - Interest Groups

What did Madison refer to as factions, and how did he view them?

Madison called factions interest groups, viewing them as natural, inevitable, and an inherent part of human nature that can be both good and evil.

List four key roles of interest groups in the American political system.

Representation, participation, education, agenda building, and program monitoring.

How do interest groups influence the political agenda?

By lobbying (direct and grassroots), mobilizing public opinion, endorsing candidates, and bringing issues to policymakers' attention.

What are some tactics interest groups use to influence policy?

Direct lobbying (hiring lobbyists), grassroots lobbying, public relations campaigns, coalition building, legal actions.

What factors contribute to the formation of interest groups?

Adverse change in circumstances, quality of leadership, economic factors like the unequal distribution of property, and shared interests or goals.

Why do economic interest groups, such as business associations and trade groups, form?

To promote the interests of their members—such as industry growth, favorable regulations, and economic benefits.

How has union membership changed over time, and what is its significance?

Union membership has decreased from 35% in the 1950s to about 11% today; as memberships fall, income tends to concentrate at the top.

What is grassroots lobbying?

Indirect lobbying where interest groups mobilize ordinary citizens to contact policymakers and advocate for issues.

How do coalitions among interest groups help in achieving their goals?

By conserving resources and promoting shared policies, especially when overcoming federalist barriers.

What role do public interest groups play?

They advocate for the “public interest,” representing the concerns of average Americans.