Emt Midterm Term1 CH2-6, 10-11 and 40-41

cleaning method that kills all microorganisms on a object

sterilization

Turberculosis testing

Purified protein derivative

Stages of grief

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

Acute stress reaction

immediate stress symptoms

Delayed stress reaction

may take months to appear, ptsd, irritability, insomnia, may seek relief through drugs

Cumulative stress reaction

constant exposure of stress building up over time. Causes burnout, irritability, physical exhaustion

Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)

Held 24-72 hours after critical incident. Mental health professionals.

Defusing

happens within 1-4 hours after a critical incident. Lasts 30-45 minutes, smaller group

Gowns

Use when in any case of lots of fluids

Masks

when suspected case of airborne disease or prevents fluids from splashing to face

Low level disinfectant

1:100 bleach solution. Thing that come in contact with patients skin

Intermediate level disinfectant

1:10 bleach solution, used on critical items

High level disinfectant

sterilization solution/ germicidal solution. uses are devices that come in contact with mucus membrane of a patient or other fluids

High visibility vests and when to use them

Class 1: speeds up to 25mph. Class 2: exceeding 25mph. Class 3: fast-moving traffic, highway speeds, low visibility

Technique that may be helpful to allow a patient with a language barrier to respond

Silence

Maximum range you should be lifting or moving an item away from your body

15 to 20 inches

Which grip should you use for maximum force from hands

power grip

Primary reason to transport a neonate in a isolette

Sustain warmth

Suction time limit

Suction for 10-15 seconds only, if high froth coming from mouth suction for 15 seconds ventilate for 2 minutes and keep switching

When to ventilate

If tidal volume or ventilation rate are abnormal

CPAP Uses

Use when moderate to severe respiratory distress. Someone who is awake to obey commands, maintain their own airway, and continue breathing on their own,

What is a sign

object physical evidence of medical or trauma conditions. Conditions you can see, hear, feel, or smell.

What is a symptom

Cannot be observed and must be described by the patient, Ex: numbness or dizzy

Normal range of respirations for adults

12 to 20 breaths a minute

Scope of practice

actions and care an EMT are legally allowed to perform by the state. National Highway traffic Safety Administration (NMTSA), EMS medical director, National EMS scope model make up the scope of practice

Pulsus paradoxus

Condition where systolic blood pressure drops abnormally during inhalation, most likely cuased by asthma

Low blood pressure in an adult is considered a systolic blood pressure of less than

90mmHg

Scope of care

the care expected to be provided by an EMT with similar training when managing a patient in similar situations.

Good Samaritan law

protects a person not being paid from liabilities for acts performed in good faith unless they constitute gross negligence

Sovereign immunity

Prevents patients from suing government for civil liability, Private EMS companies do not benefit from this

Statue of limitations

patient has certain amount of time to file a negligence claim

Contributory negligence

if patient contributed to his own harm or injury and he files a negligence claim against an EMS provider then the patient is charged with contributory negligence.

Informed consent

patient must be informed of care to be provided and the associated risks and consequences. Providing detailed info to patient, Asking for explicit permission

Expressed consent

the patient is aware of the procedure and risks has to be of age and capacity to make rational decisions.

Implied concent

when the patient is unresponsive or unable to make rational decisions.

Minor consent

consent to treat a minor obtained by legal guardian, if no guardian is present work under implied consent

Involuntary consent

When you deal with mentally ill adult need consent from third party legal guardian

Advanced directive

instructions written in advance against resuscitation or how medical decisions will be made for this person signed by patient and is legally recognized. Broad term

Living will

used to dictate future health care decisions when patient is unable to make own decisions

Durable power of attorney

legal document a person is named to be a proxy to make all patients health care decisions.

DNR

Do not resuscitate, if someone has a pulse and is going into cardiac arrest you can still help them.

Physician orders for life sustaining treatment (POLST)

medical orders for life sustaining treatment used in patients with serious illness not expected to survive another year.

Negligence

The patient has to prove all 4 parts of negligence: EMT had a duty to act, EMT breached duty to act, Patient suffered an injury or harm, injuries were result of breach of duty

U.S department of transportation (DOT) minimum data set for PCR’s

Patient demographics, Admin info, and treatments. This is standardized to hopefully lead to higher general level of patient care

SOAP

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan.

CHART

Chief complaint, History, Assessment, Rx-Treatments, Transport

Cheated

Chief complaint, History, Exam, assessment, Treatment, Evaluation, Disposition

Triage tag

a tool used by medical personnel and first responders to categorize and prioritize patients during mass casualty incidents or other emergencies

OPQRST patients pain or symptoms

Onset, Provocation or palliation, Quality, Region, Severity, Time

Federal communications commission (FCC)

regulates limit interference with radio broadcasts and to prohibit use of obscenity and profanity in broadcasts. They assign radio call signs, approve equipment, establish limitations, and monitor field operations

Oral report of transfer of care to hospital

Patients chief complaint, patient vital signs, treatment given to patient en route, pertinent history not given in earlier reports

Wheeled stretcher

most common, safest, and confrotable

Bariatric stretcher

used to transport larger patients

portable stretcher

metal framed, can be used in confined spaces

stair chair

wheeled stretcher can be fit in small elevators. can be used on stairs

tracked stair chair

stair char with tracks to help get up and down stairs

backboard

spine motion restriction device, used to secure patient.

scoop stretcher

made for heavier patients, disassembled and reassembled around patient. Can be used in confined areas

Breathing difficulty patient body position

placed in a position of comfort usually sitting up

Spinal injury body position

immobolized on backboard or other spine restriction devices

Shock body position

supine position

Nauseated or vomiting body position

sitting position

pregnant body position

positioned on her left side

Culture of safety

just culture, coordinated support, ems safety data system, ems safety standards, ems education initiatives, requirments for reporting and investigation

Benefits of crew resource management

Minimize errors, improve safety, improve ems team performance, increase situational awareness, allow all ems members to have equal value.

Ventilation

Passage of air into and out of lungs

hypoxia

inadequacy in amount of oxygen being delivered to cells

Hypoxia signs

Slow heart rate is a early sign of hypoxia, pale skin, cool, rapid breathing, mental change, restlessness and agitation, confusion, sleepy due to co2 build up, blueish color (cyanosis) .

Snoring

upper airway partially obstructed by tongue or relaxed tissue in pharynx

Crowing

occurs when muscles around larnyx spasm and narrow the opening into the trachea

Stridor

Harsh, high pitched, upper airway obstruction from swelling of larnyx

Inspections for adequate breathing

Inspect chest expansion, observe patients general appearance, normal breathing pattern?, loot at nostrils to see if they open when breathing, listen how they speak, feel, ear next to unconscious patient, auscultate using a stethoscope

Vital signs you need to measure

respiration, pulse, skin, pupils, blood pressure, pulse oximetry

respiratory rate distress rate

Rate of less than 8 or greater than 24 per minute in adults is concerning

pulse in for 1 year olds

radial pulse

pulse for younger than 1

brachial pulse

normal heart ate ranges in adults

60-100 beats, the younger the person the more beats, Ex: 6-11 years is 75-120 beats

Name for an increased heart rate

tachycardia

Name for a normal heart rate

bradycardia

pale or white skin color

vasoconstriction, blood loss, heart attack, fright, amnesia, fainting

Cyanosis skin color

inadequate oxygenation or shock, inadequate respiration, heart attack

Wet/moist skin

shock, diabetic or heat emergency

Dry skin

spinal injury, dehydration, heat stroke

Capillary refill time

Normal for adults is 2-3 seconds, more reliable in infants and younger children. 2 seconds for children

Eye findings: Dialation

cardiac arrest or drug use

Eye findings: Constricted

Central nervous system disorder or narcotic use

Eye findings: Unequal

stroke, head injury, artificial eye, eye trauma

Eye finding: Nonreactive

cardiac arrest, brain injury, eye drops, drug intoxication

Systolic BP

amount of pressure exerted on the wall of arteries during contraction

Diastolic BP

amount of pressure on artery wall while not contracting, diameter of artery and how much blood it has.

Normal blood pressure

For adults 80-120/60-80 mmHg, only use BP as an indicator for shock, can decrease because of blood loss, pump failure, or blood vessel dialtion

Pulse pressure

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure = pulse pressure, if pulse pressure is less than 25% of systolic than its narrow pressure if its more than 50% its widen pressure

Vital sing reassessment

For critical patients every 5 minutes for stable patients every 15 minutes

Normal Spo2

a normal Spo2 is high 90’s typicall 97%-100% less than 94% can mean hypoxia and must be investigated. measures the oxygen saturation levels in blood by measuring hemoglobin with oxygen

SAMPLE. Used to get patient history

sings and symptoms, allergies, medication, last oral intake, events leading to injury or illness

OPQRST assess patients symptoms and history

Onset, Palliation(what makes pain worse), Quality, Region, Severity, Time

Liters/minute of O2 being given to patient. How much % of oxygen does each liter give

Each L/min of O2 from an O2 adds 3-4% of O2 also adding 21% for room O2. So an O2 tank on 4 L/min will be giving 33-37% O2

Anterior

Front of body

Posterior

Toward back of body

Proximal

Closer to point of attachment