ansci dairy cattle

60%

what % of dairy cattle are bred using AI

10%

Dairy products provide roughly ___ of annual
cash receipts from agriculture in the U.S.

20%

___ of beef consumed in the U.S. comes
from cull dairy cows, dairy steers, & calves.

12-18%

2010s-2020s: _____ of dairy production is
exported/sold to other countries

4-8

weaning is usually at __ weeks of age

55%

Goal: Reach ___ of projected adult weight
by 13-15 months of age

9-11m

weaned heifer puberty

13-15m

AI or bull-breed weaned heifer at

9m

heifer pregnancy

22-24m

calve (“freshen”) at

40-100d

milk production increases over the first _____ days post-calving

110

most cows produce 50% of their milk in the first ___ days

more milk

12 or 13 month calving cycle is preferable bc cows bred on it will give ____ than cows on a longer cycle

45-60

how many days prior to calving are cows removed from the herd

45-70%

what % of operating costs does feed account for 

87%

what % of milk is water

4%

what % of milk is milk fat

9%

what % of milk is skim solids

pasteurization

Milk is heated as it flows through
pasteurizer to 161°F for 15 sec

homogenization

Hot milk is pressurized to 2500-3000
psi by a multiple-cylinder piston pump
& forced through very small passages
in an adjustable valve = break down
the fat particles

40

after pasteurization/homogenization, rapid cooling to what temp

bos taurus

european origin, adapted to cooler climates

bos indicus

indian origin, adapted to warmer climates

nonseasonally polyestrous

what breeders are cows

15 minutes

when should calves stand

30 minutes

when should calves nurse

colostrum

Initial milk containing more protein
(especially antibodies/immunoglobulins), fat,
minerals, and vitamins than milk produced later

dairy calves

Calf hutches or pens
= Clean, dry, & well-ventilated, without drafts

weaning

Transition from a milk-based diet to a
concentrates- & forage-based diet

weaned heifers

Housing: Alone or into groups in pens, in barns,
or on pasture
• Feeding: Goal: Reach 55% of projected adult weight
by 13-15 months of age