Cell Organelles

Cytoplasm

- Not an organelle, but is in both plant and animal cells

- Composed of water and other dissolved substances

- All internal organelles are suspended in it and can move around

- Chemical reactions take place here

Cell membrane

- Plant and animals

- Double layer (phospholipid layer)

- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

- Semi-permeable (small molecules such as water and oxygen can pass by easily, larger molecules cannot)

Nucleus

- Plants and animals

- Organelle that contains genetic information controlling cell activities

- surrounded by a porous nuclear envelope

- chromosomes store DNA which contains genetic information

- Nucleolus at its core that produces ribosomes

Mitochondria

- Plants and animals

- Powerhouse of the cell

- Converts glucose into energy through cellular respiration

- Muscle cells will have more mitochondria than fat cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum

- Plants and animals

- The transportation system within the cell

- Extends from nucleus to cell membrane

- Assists in the production and transportation of proteins and hormones

- Can be smooth or rough depending on whether it is coated in ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus

- Plants and animals

- Packaging centre of the cell

- Processes and packages proteins and fats to be exported from the cell

- Creates secretes and mucus

- Cells, such as intestine cells, that secrete mucus must have many golgi bodies

Vacuole

- Plants and animals

- Fluid or solid filled sacs surrounded by a membrane

- Many functions including maintaining pressure within the cell (plants), isolating wastes, etc.

- In animals, vacuoles can be found in the cell. In plants, one large central vacuole dominates the cell

Ribosome

- Plants and animals

- Composed of proteins and RNAs

Main function is to help with building proteins in cells

Cytoskeleton

- Plants and animals

- Structure that provides shape and organization to the cells

- helps with cell division and movement

Lysosomes

- ANIMALS ONLY

- Membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes

- Destroys thing that do not belong to the cell/need to be removed

- acts like the digestive system of the cell

Centrosomes

- ANIMALS ONLY

- An organelle that contains a pair of centrioles arranged at right angles

- Critical structure during cell division

Chloroplast

- PLANTS ONLY

- Membrane-bound organelle that contains a green pigment known as chlorophyll

- Helps plants with photosynthesis

Cell wall

- PLANTS ONLY

- Located outside the cell membrane

- Porous, but rigid structure that supports and protects plant cells

- Made of cellulose