Global History and Geography Regents Review

Flashcards about the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, Napoleon, and the Latin American Revolutions

Scientific Method

An agreed-upon way of doing science to prove its correctness.

Copernicus

Founder of the heliocentric model of the universe, which says the sun is the center of the universe.

Heliocentric Model

Model of the universe where the sun is at the center.

Geocentric Model

Model of the universe where the Earth is at the center.

Galileo

Popularized the heliocentric model using a powerful telescope.

Isaac Newton

Proved the heliocentric model using mathematical calculations and the law of gravitation.

Divine Right

The belief that a king's authority comes directly from God.

Absolute Monarchy

One king who controls pretty much the entire government.

John Locke

Enlightened philosopher who believed humans have three natural rights: life, liberty, and property, and that revolution is necessary if a government doesn't protect these rights.

Baron de Montesquieu

Believed the best form of government is broken up into three branches to prevent an absolute monarchy.

Rousseau

One of the earlier founders of what we call a social contract, which is the agreement of regular people with the government

Voltaire

Believed in freedom of speech and that there should be no state religion.

Theocracy

A government run by the clergy.

Adam Smith

Advocated laissez-faire economics, arguing that the government should not intervene in the economy.

Laissez-faire Economics

The government should not intervene in the economy; it should take a hands-off approach.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Argued that the ideas of natural rights should also apply to women, a classic female feminist thinker who argued for women's rights.

Enlightened Despots

Monarchs who claimed to rule for the good of their people and embraced some Enlightenment ideas.

National Assembly

The first phase of the French Revolution, which was more moderate.

National Convention

The more radical phase of the French Revolution, also known as the Reign of Terror.

Tennis Court Oath

Where the Third Estate agreed to never leave their site until they've written a new constitution for France.

National Assembly

The moderate phase of the French Revolution where the king was still alive but was no longer the absolute monarch.

Robespierre

Led the National Convention and became the dictator of the French Revolution, using the guillotine to force the revolution.

Napoleon

Overthrew the French Revolution, became dictator, and eventually emperor.

Napoleonic Code

Napoleon's law code that argued for equality for citizens in any place the French Empire controls and argued for religious toleration.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Haitian revolution leader and Haitian nationalist; a former enslaved person who led the Haitian Revolution.

Simón Bolívar

Led independence in the northern portion of South America, such as Venezuela and Colombia.

Congress of Vienna

Created to establish order and stability and crush any ideas of revolution and nationalism after Napoleon was kicked out of power.