Mass Comm Midterm

Renaissance, Reformation, and Humanist Movement

when did the information revolution take place?

Printing press and He made the Gutenberg Bible

Who was Johannes Gutenberg and what did he do?

95 theses by Martin Luther, spreading religion

What was the importance of religion in mass communication?

Alice Guy-Blanche

French director, speech and films, first all black cast, diverse

Four levels of communication

Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Public Speaking, and Mass Communication (Taylor Swift)

33-35,000

How many decisions do we make in a day?

Multidimension Perspectives

Cognitive, Emotional, Aesthetic, and Moral

Cognitive

The ability to intellectually process the information being communicated by the media.

Emotional

The feelings created by media messages.

Aesthetic

Interpreting media content from an artistic or critical point of view.

Moral

Examining the values of the medium or the message.

Models of Mass Communication

Transmission, Ritual, Publicity, Reception

Transmission

Tends to portray mass communication as a largely one-directional flow of messages from the sender to the receiver, rather than as a complex interaction where senders and receivers are constantly changing places

Ritual

Puts audience members at the center of the equation.

Publicity

Media messages don’t always have to convey specific information.

Reception

Looks at how audience members derive and create meaning out of media context.

Opinion Leaders

relays information to the public, very important

Message Effects

how media messages might change behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs

Attitudinal Effects

changes in feelings about a product, an individual, or an idea based on media content

Behavioral Effects

media content can influence buying a product, making a phone call, and voting for a candidate

Psychological Effects

media content can inspire fear, joy, revulsion, happiness, or amusement, among other feelings

Medium effects

the particular medium being used to transmit messages

Ownership Effects

the influence of those who own and control the media

Active Audience Effects

unique members who respond as individuals, not as undifferentiated members of a mass

Bob Iger

CEO of Walt Disney company

Rupert Murdoch

Fox news, wallstreet journal, and the sun

Criticism of investors and what other things investors invest in

why is it just as important to know the investors in media companies as it is to the companies themselves

Book publisher and not w/ new media, traditional

Who is Bertelsmann and how are they differentiating themselves in mass media?

The long tail

where a limited number of people are interested in buying a lot of different products High number of goods, Low cost of reaching markets, Ease of finding niche products, Flattening of the demand curve for mainstream hits, Size of collective market, and Tailoring to personal tastes. Spotify

The short head

where a lot of people are interested in buying a limited number of products. Marvel

They have particular niches that many people can find, long tail media. Sense of community

Importance of indie booksellers

Carnegie Libraries

1,700 libraries from 1900 to 1917. Andrew Carnegie. 

The Penny Press

inexpensive papers sold for a penny or two on the street, were supported by circulation and advertising revenues. These papers emphasized news or “new things,” such as the newest police actions, court verdicts, and happenings on the streets.

Joseph Pulitzer 

Sensationalism, big headlines above the fold, and the New York World. Shaped modern news.

Nellie Bly

From her first act at the World (pretending
to be insane in order to get an insider’s report on a women’s lunatic asylum) to her most famous stunt (traveling around the world in under 80 days), she always did things more extravagantly than anyone else

Photojournalism

pictures of war and violence

Gans Basic Journalistic Values

Ethnocentrism, Altruistic democracy, Responsible capitalism, Small-town pastoralism, Individualism, Moderatism, Social order, and Leadership.

Ethnocentrism

Donald trump talking about America

Altruistic democracy

The idea that politicians should be motivated by public service, not personal gain

Responsible capitalism

Media outlets highlight corporate greed, tax avoidance, or environmental damage by large corporations, implicitly calling for a more responsible form of capitalism

Small-town pastoralism

Stories may highlight the close-knit community spirit in a small town, contrasting it with the perceived isolation or social problems of urban life

Individualism

The media often frames stories around a single heroic figure or "the one person who makes a difference," rather than focusing on larger institutional or systemic issues.

Moderatism

News coverage often portrays moderates as reasonable and centrist, while framing people with more extreme views as dangerous, out of touch, or irrational

Social order

When reporting on a civil disturbance, a news story may emphasize the return to peace and how police or other authorities restored control, rather than exploring the underlying causes of the disruption

Leadership

When covering a major political event, the media often fixates on the decisions and statements of a president or prime minister, while overlooking the broader political system or public opinion

Fake news

popular way to describe a wide range of stories ranging from
outright fabrications to news a person simply doesn’t like

NPR tiny desk

Personal and can show artists personality, short head and long head.

Telecommunications Act of 1996

go from owning 7 to unlimited.